我想发送html电子邮件,使用Django模板,像这样:

<html>
<body>
hello <strong>{{username}}</strong>
your account activated.
<img src="mysite.com/logo.gif" />
</body>

我找不到任何关于send_mail的东西,django-mailer只发送HTML模板,没有动态数据。

如何使用Django的模板引擎生成电子邮件?


当前回答

Django Mail Templated是一个功能丰富的Django应用程序,可以用Django模板系统发送电子邮件。

安装:

pip install django-mail-templated

配置:

INSTALLED_APPS = (
    ...
    'mail_templated'
)

模板:

{% block subject %}
Hello {{ user.name }}
{% endblock %}

{% block body %}
{{ user.name }}, this is the plain text part.
{% endblock %}

Python:

from mail_templated import send_mail
send_mail('email/hello.tpl', {'user': user}, from_email, [user.email])

更多信息:https://github.com/artemrizhov/django-mail-templated

其他回答

使用EmailMultiAlternatives和render_to_string来使用两个可供选择的模板(一个是纯文本,一个是html):

from django.core.mail import EmailMultiAlternatives
from django.template import Context
from django.template.loader import render_to_string

c = Context({'username': username})    
text_content = render_to_string('mail/email.txt', c)
html_content = render_to_string('mail/email.html', c)

email = EmailMultiAlternatives('Subject', text_content)
email.attach_alternative(html_content, "text/html")
email.to = ['to@example.com']
email.send()

send_emai()不适合我,所以我在django docs中使用EmailMessage。

我有两个版本的答案:

只提供html电子邮件版本 与纯文本电子邮件和html电子邮件版本

from django.template.loader import render_to_string 
from django.core.mail import EmailMessage

# import file with html content
html_version = 'path/to/html_version.html'

html_message = render_to_string(html_version, { 'context': context, })

message = EmailMessage(subject, html_message, from_email, [to_email])
message.content_subtype = 'html' # this is required because there is no plain text email version
message.send()

如果你想包含一个纯文本版本的电子邮件,修改如下:

from django.template.loader import render_to_string 
from django.core.mail import EmailMultiAlternatives # <= EmailMultiAlternatives instead of EmailMessage

plain_version = 'path/to/plain_version.html' # import plain version. No html content
html_version = 'path/to/html_version.html' # import html version. Has html content

plain_message = render_to_string(plain_version, { 'context': context, })
html_message = render_to_string(html_version, { 'context': context, })

message = EmailMultiAlternatives(subject, plain_message, from_email, [to_email])
message.attach_alternative(html_message, "text/html") # attach html version
message.send()

我的普通和html版本是这样的: plain_version.html:

Plain text {{ context }}

html_version.html

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
 <head>
 ...
 </head>
<body>
<table align="center" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="320" style="border: none; border-collapse: collapse; font-family:  Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5;">
...
{{ context }}
...
</table>
</body>
</html>

我知道这是一个老问题,但我也知道有些人就像我一样,总是在寻找最新的答案,因为旧的答案如果不更新有时会有过时的信息。

现在是2020年1月,我使用的是Django 2.2.6和Python 3.7

注意:我使用DJANGO REST框架,下面发送电子邮件的代码是在我的views.py的模型视图集中

所以在看了很多不错的答案之后,我就这么做了。

from django.template.loader import render_to_string
from django.core.mail import EmailMultiAlternatives

def send_receipt_to_email(self, request):

    emailSubject = "Subject"
    emailOfSender = "email@domain.com"
    emailOfRecipient = 'xyz@domain.com'

    context = ({"name": "Gilbert"}) #Note I used a normal tuple instead of  Context({"username": "Gilbert"}) because Context is deprecated. When I used Context, I got an error > TypeError: context must be a dict rather than Context

    text_content = render_to_string('receipt_email.txt', context, request=request)
    html_content = render_to_string('receipt_email.html', context, request=request)

    try:
        #I used EmailMultiAlternatives because I wanted to send both text and html
        emailMessage = EmailMultiAlternatives(subject=emailSubject, body=text_content, from_email=emailOfSender, to=[emailOfRecipient,], reply_to=[emailOfSender,])
        emailMessage.attach_alternative(html_content, "text/html")
        emailMessage.send(fail_silently=False)

    except SMTPException as e:
        print('There was an error sending an email: ', e) 
        error = {'message': ",".join(e.args) if len(e.args) > 0 else 'Unknown Error'}
        raise serializers.ValidationError(error)

重要!那么render_to_string如何获得receipt_email.txt和receipt_email.html? 在我的settings.py中,我有TEMPLATES,下面是它的外观

注意DIRS,这里有一行os。path。join(BASE_DIR, 'templates', 'email_templates') 这一行使我的模板可访问。在我的project_dir中,我有一个文件夹叫做templates,还有一个子目录叫做email_templates,就像这个project_dir->templates->email_templates。我的模板receipt_email.txt和receipt_email.html在email_templates子目录下。

TEMPLATES = [
{
    'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
    'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates'), os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates', 'email_templates')],
    'APP_DIRS': True,
    'OPTIONS': {
        'context_processors': [
            'django.template.context_processors.debug',
            'django.template.context_processors.request',
            'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
            'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
        ],
    },
},
]

我再加上,我的receit_email。txt是这样的;

Dear {{name}},
Here is the text version of the email from template

我的receipt_email。html是这样的;

Dear {{name}},
<h1>Now here is the html version of the email from the template</h1>

在Django 1.7的send_email方法中加入了html_message参数。

html_message:如果提供了html_message,生成的电子邮件将是 多部分/可选的电子邮件,以消息作为文本/纯内容 Type和html_message作为文本/html内容类型。

所以你可以:

from django.core.mail import send_mail
from django.template.loader import render_to_string


msg_plain = render_to_string('templates/email.txt', {'some_params': some_params})
msg_html = render_to_string('templates/email.html', {'some_params': some_params})

send_mail(
    'email title',
    msg_plain,
    'some@sender.com',
    ['some@receiver.com'],
    html_message=msg_html,
)

示例....中有一个错误如果你像写的那样使用它,会出现以下错误:

< type '异常。异常' >:'dict'对象没有属性'render_context'

您将需要添加以下导入:

from django.template import Context

并将字典改为:

d = Context({ 'username': username })

看到http://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.2/ref/templates/api/ rendering-a-context