这里有很多答案，但这里有一个工作示例的代码，你可以立即复制、粘贴和测试:

对我来说，在指定正确的SERVICE_NAME后，错误12514得到了解决。 您可以在服务器上的文件tnsnames中找到它。ora自带3个预定义的服务名称(其中一个是“XE”)。

I installed the Oracle Express database OracleXE112 which already comes with some preinstalled demo tables. When you start the installer you are asked for a password. I entered "xxx" as password. (not used in production) My server runs on the machine 192.168.1.158 On the server you must explicitely allow access for the process TNSLSNR.exe in the Windows Firewall. This process listens on port 1521. OPTION A: For C# (.NET2 or .NET4) you can download ODAC11, from which you have to add Oracle.DataAccess.dll to your project. Additionally this DLL depends on: OraOps11w.dll, oci.dll, oraociei11.dll (130MB!), msvcr80.dll. These DLLs must be in the same directory as the EXE or you must specify the DLL path in: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Oracle\ODP.NET\4.112.4.0\DllPath. On 64 bit machines write additionally to HKLM\SOFTWARE\Wow6432Node\Oracle\... OPTION B: If you have downloaded ODAC12 you need Oracle.DataAccess.dll, OraOps12w.dll, oci.dll, oraociei12.dll (160MB!), oraons.dll, msvcr100.dll. The Registry path is HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Oracle\ODP.NET\4.121.2.0\DllPath OPTION C: If you don't want huge DLL's of more than 100 MB you should download ODP.NET_Managed12.x.x.x.xxxxx.zip in which you find Oracle.ManagedDataAccess.dll which is only 4 MB and is a pure managed DLL which works in 32 bit and 64 bit processes as well and depends on no other DLL and does not require any registry entries. The following C# code works for me without any configuration on the server side (just the default installation):

using Oracle.DataAccess.Client;
or
using Oracle.ManagedDataAccess.Client;

....

string oradb = "Data Source=(DESCRIPTION="
    + "(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.1.158)(PORT=1521)))"
    + "(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVER=DEDICATED)(SERVICE_NAME=XE)));"
    + "User Id=SYSTEM;Password=xxx;";

using (OracleConnection conn = new OracleConnection(oradb)) 
{
    conn.Open();
    using (OracleCommand cmd = new OracleCommand())
    {
        cmd.Connection  = conn;
        cmd.CommandText = "select TABLESPACE_NAME from DBA_DATA_FILES";

        using (OracleDataReader dr = cmd.ExecuteReader())
        {
            while (dr.Read())
            {
                listBox.Items.Add(dr["TABLESPACE_NAME"]);
            }
        }
    }
}

如果SERVICE_NAME=XE错误，则会得到错误12514。SERVICE_NAME是可选的。你也可以把它放在一边。

以我的Linux环境为例，oracle文件在ORACLE_HOME/bin以“红色”颜色突出显示，具有如下不同的权限:

我修改了这个文件的权限如下:

1)停止Oracle -> sudo systemctl Stop Oracle .service 2)修改“ORACLE_HOME/bin”目录下的oracle文件权限为“sudo chmod 777 oracle” 3)启动Oracle -> sudo systemctl Start Oracle .service

修改完成后，我使用lsnrctl status检查listener的状态。在这里，我可以看到db实例成功加载。

但是，我只能使用sqldeveloper连接，使用sqlplus命令行我得到ORA-12547: TNS失联错误。因此，这可以作为使用sqldeveloper的快速解决方案。

注意:修改权限前请备份oracle文件。

我的问题解决了，用“服务名称”和正确的主机替换URL中的“sid”。

在我的例子中，数据库已经耗尽了磁盘空间。这导致它没有反应。一旦我解决了这个问题，一切都恢复正常了。

在我的情况下，错误是由于监听器没有注册db的服务。我通过注册服务解决了这个问题。例子:

我在tnsnames.ora中的描述符:

LOCALDB =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = LOCALDB)
    )
  )

因此，我继续在侦听器中注册服务。奥拉手动:

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
    (SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = LOCALDB)
      (ORACLE_HOME = C:\Oracle\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1)
      (SID_NAME = LOCALDB)
    )

最后，通过命令重新启动监听器:

> lsnrctl stop
> lsnrctl start

完成了!

检查数据库是否启动。登录到服务器，将ORACLE_SID环境变量设置为您的数据库SID，并作为本地连接运行SQL*Plus。