关闭是函数内部的一个函数,它可以访问其“亲属”函数的变量和参数。

例子:

function showPostCard(Sender, Receiver) {

    var PostCardMessage = " Happy Spring!!! Love, ";

    function PreparePostCard() {
        return "Dear " + Receiver + PostCardMessage + Sender;
    }

    return PreparePostCard();
}
showPostCard("Granny", "Olivia");

能否向五岁男孩解释关闭?

我仍然认为谷歌的解释工作得很好,简要:

/*
*    When a function is defined in another function and it
*    has access to the outer function's context even after
*    the outer function returns.
*
* An important concept to learn in JavaScript.
*/

function outerFunction(someNum) {
    var someString = 'Hey!';
    var content = document.getElementById('content');
    function innerFunction() {
        content.innerHTML = someNum + ': ' + someString;
        content = null; // Internet Explorer memory leak for DOM reference
    }
    innerFunction();
}

outerFunction(1);​

此分類上一篇

答:C#问题

关闭是当内部函数以某种方式为外部函数以外的任何范围提供时创建的。

例子:

var outer = function(params){ //Outer function defines a variable called params
    var inner = function(){ // Inner function has access to the params variable of the outer function
        return params;
    }
    return inner; //Return inner function exposing it to outer scope
},
myFunc = outer("myParams");
myFunc(); //Returns "myParams"

第一点的例子 由 dlaliberte:

关闭不只是在您返回内部函数时创建。 事实上,关闭函数根本不需要返回. 您可以将内部函数归咎于外部范围中的变量,或者将其作为一个论点转移到另一个函数,在那里它可以立即使用。

var i;
function foo(x) {
    var tmp = 3;
    i = function (y) {
        console.log(x + y + (++tmp));
    }
}
foo(2);
i(3);

下面的简单例子涵盖了JavaScript关闭的所有主要点。

下面是一家工厂,生产可以添加和复制的计算机:

function make_calculator() {
  var n = 0; // this calculator stores a single number n
  return {
    add: function(a) {
      n += a;
      return n;
    },
    multiply: function(a) {
      n *= a;
      return n;
    }
  };
}

first_calculator = make_calculator();
second_calculator = make_calculator();

first_calculator.add(3); // returns 3
second_calculator.add(400); // returns 400

first_calculator.multiply(11); // returns 33
second_calculator.multiply(10); // returns 4000

关键点:每个呼叫做_计算机创建一个新的本地变量n,该计算机的添加和复制功能在做_计算机返回后很长时间仍然可用。

内部函数,如添加和加倍,其访问变量在外部函数中声明**,被称为关闭。

这是几乎所有的关闭。

此分類上一篇

* 例如,它涵盖了在另一个答案中提供的“关闭为Dummies”文章中的所有点,除了例子6,这简单地表明,变量可以在被宣布之前使用,这是一个很好的事实,但完全与关闭无关。

** 任何外部功能,如果有几种是无缝的,甚至在全球背景下,因为这个答案清楚地表明。

好吧,和一个6岁的孩子谈话,我可能会使用随后的协会。

想象一下 - 你正在玩你的小兄弟姐妹在整个房子,你正在移动周围与你的玩具,并将其中的一些带到你的哥哥的房间。 过了一会儿,你的哥哥从学校回来,去了他的房间,他锁在里面,所以现在你不能访问玩具留在那里再直接的方式。

比较一个情况,当一个门被草案锁定,没有人在里面(通用功能执行),然后一些当地的火灾发生并燃烧房间(垃圾收集器:D),然后一个新的房间被建造,现在你可以留下其他玩具在那里(新功能例子),但从来没有得到相同的玩具留在第一间房间例子。

对于一个先进的孩子,我会把这样的东西放在下面,这不是完美的,但它让你感觉到它是什么:

function playingInBrothersRoom (withToys) {
  // We closure toys which we played in the brother's room. When he come back and lock the door
  // your brother is supposed to be into the outer [[scope]] object now. Thanks god you could communicate with him.
  var closureToys = withToys || [],
      returnToy, countIt, toy; // Just another closure helpers, for brother's inner use.

  var brotherGivesToyBack = function (toy) {
    // New request. There is not yet closureToys on brother's hand yet. Give him a time.
    returnToy = null;
    if (toy && closureToys.length > 0) { // If we ask for a specific toy, the brother is going to search for it.

      for ( countIt = closureToys.length; countIt; countIt--) {
        if (closureToys[countIt - 1] == toy) {
          returnToy = 'Take your ' + closureToys.splice(countIt - 1, 1) + ', little boy!';
          break;
        }
      }
      returnToy = returnToy || 'Hey, I could not find any ' + toy + ' here. Look for it in another room.';
    }
    else if (closureToys.length > 0) { // Otherwise, just give back everything he has in the room.
      returnToy = 'Behold! ' + closureToys.join(', ') + '.';
      closureToys = [];
    }
    else {
      returnToy = 'Hey, lil shrimp, I gave you everything!';
    }
    console.log(returnToy);
  }
  return brotherGivesToyBack;
}
// You are playing in the house, including the brother's room.
var toys = ['teddybear', 'car', 'jumpingrope'],
    askBrotherForClosuredToy = playingInBrothersRoom(toys);

// The door is locked, and the brother came from the school. You could not cheat and take it out directly.
console.log(askBrotherForClosuredToy.closureToys); // Undefined

// But you could ask your brother politely, to give it back.
askBrotherForClosuredToy('teddybear'); // Hooray, here it is, teddybear
askBrotherForClosuredToy('ball'); // The brother would not be able to find it.
askBrotherForClosuredToy(); // The brother gives you all the rest
askBrotherForClosuredToy(); // Nothing left in there

正如你可以看到的那样,房间里留下的玩具仍然可以通过兄弟访问,不管房间是否被锁定。