我如何在Python中命名一个外部命令,就好像我把它写在一个<unk>或命令中?
当前回答
import os
cmd = 'ls -al'
os.system(cmd)
如果你想返回命令的结果,你可以使用os.popen. 但是,这是由于版本 2.6 有利于子过程模块,其他答案已经覆盖得很好。
其他回答
2015 年更新: Python 3.5 添加了 subprocess.run 比 subprocess.Popen 更容易使用。
>>> subprocess.run(["ls", "-l"]) # doesn't capture output
CompletedProcess(args=['ls', '-l'], returncode=0)
>>> subprocess.run("exit 1", shell=True, check=True)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
subprocess.CalledProcessError: Command 'exit 1' returned non-zero exit status 1
>>> subprocess.run(["ls", "-l", "/dev/null"], capture_output=True)
CompletedProcess(args=['ls', '-l', '/dev/null'], returncode=0,
stdout=b'crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 1, 3 Jan 23 16:23 /dev/null\n', stderr=b'')
使用副过程。
或者一个非常简单的命令:
import os
os.system('cat testfile')
我写了一封信来处理错误,并重新引导输出和其他东西。
import shlex
import psutil
import subprocess
def call_cmd(cmd, stdout=sys.stdout, quiet=False, shell=False, raise_exceptions=True, use_shlex=True, timeout=None):
"""Exec command by command line like 'ln -ls "/var/log"'
"""
if not quiet:
print("Run %s", str(cmd))
if use_shlex and isinstance(cmd, (str, unicode)):
cmd = shlex.split(cmd)
if timeout is None:
process = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout=stdout, stderr=sys.stderr, shell=shell)
retcode = process.wait()
else:
process = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout=stdout, stderr=sys.stderr, shell=shell)
p = psutil.Process(process.pid)
finish, alive = psutil.wait_procs([p], timeout)
if len(alive) > 0:
ps = p.children()
ps.insert(0, p)
print('waiting for timeout again due to child process check')
finish, alive = psutil.wait_procs(ps, 0)
if len(alive) > 0:
print('process {} will be killed'.format([p.pid for p in alive]))
for p in alive:
p.kill()
if raise_exceptions:
print('External program timeout at {} {}'.format(timeout, cmd))
raise CalledProcessTimeout(1, cmd)
retcode = process.wait()
if retcode and raise_exceptions:
print("External program failed %s", str(cmd))
raise subprocess.CalledProcessError(retcode, cmd)
你可以这样称之为:
cmd = 'ln -ls "/var/log"'
stdout = 'out.txt'
call_cmd(cmd, stdout)
下面是一个Python脚本,它将在Ubuntu上运行命令,同时在实时显示日志:
command = 'your command here'
process = subprocess.Popen(command, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
while True:
output = process.stdout.readline().decode()
if output == '' and process.poll() is not None:
break
if output:
print(output.strip())
rc = process.poll()
if rc == 0:
print("Command succeeded.")
else:
print("Command failed.")
使用:
import subprocess
p = subprocess.Popen("df -h", shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE).communicate()[0]
print p.split("\n")
它提供良好的产量,更容易与:
['Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on',
'/dev/sda6 32G 21G 11G 67% /',
'none 4.0K 0 4.0K 0% /sys/fs/cgroup',
'udev 1.9G 4.0K 1.9G 1% /dev',
'tmpfs 387M 1.4M 386M 1% /run',
'none 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock',
'none 1.9G 58M 1.9G 3% /run/shm',
'none 100M 32K 100M 1% /run/user',
'/dev/sda5 340G 222G 100G 69% /home',
'']
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