让我提供一个关于“聚类索引”的教科书定义，摘自Database Systems: The Complete Book中的15.6.1:
我们也可以称之为聚类索引，它是一个或多个属性上的索引，这样所有具有该索引的搜索键的固定值的元组都出现在能够容纳它们的大致尽可能少的块上。
为了理解定义，让我们看一下教科书提供的例子15.10:
A relation R(a,b) that is sorted on attribute a and stored in that
order, packed into blocks, is surely clusterd. An index on a is a
clustering index, since for a given a-value a1, all the tuples with
that value for a are consecutive. They thus appear packed into
blocks, execept possibly for the first and last blocks that contain
a-value a1, as suggested in Fig.15.14. However, an index on b is
unlikely to be clustering, since the tuples with a fixed b-value
will be spread all over the file unless the values of a and b are
very closely correlated.
注意，该定义并没有强制数据块在磁盘上必须是连续的;它只是说带搜索键的元组被打包到尽可能少的数据块中。
A related concept is clustered relation. A relation is "clustered" if its tuples are packed into roughly as few blocks as can possibly hold those tuples. In other words, from a disk block perspective, if it contains tuples from different relations, then those relations cannot be clustered (i.e., there is a more packed way to store such relation by swapping the tuples of that relation from other disk blocks with the tuples the doesn't belong to the relation in the current disk block). Clearly, R(a,b) in example above is clustered.
为了将两个概念连接在一起，聚类关系可以具有聚类索引和非聚类索引。但是，对于非聚类关系，除非索引构建在关系的主键之上，否则不可能实现聚类索引。
“集群”作为一个词在数据库存储端的所有抽象级别(三个抽象级别:元组、块、文件)上被大量发送。一个叫做“集群文件”的概念，它描述了一个文件(一组块(一个或多个磁盘块)的抽象)是否包含来自一个关系或不同关系的元组。它与集群索引概念无关，因为它是在文件级别上。
然而，一些教材喜欢根据聚类文件定义定义聚类索引。这两种类型的定义在集群关系级别上是相同的，无论它们是根据数据磁盘块还是文件来定义集群关系。从这段的链接中，
在以下情况下，文件属性A上的索引称为聚类索引:属性值A = A的所有元组按顺序(=连续)存储在数据文件中
连续存储元组就相当于说“元组被打包到尽可能少的块中，以容纳这些元组”(一个是文件，另一个是磁盘)。这是因为连续存储元组是实现“将这些元组打包到尽可能少的块中”的方法。
