聚集索引意味着您告诉数据库在磁盘上存储实际上彼此接近的接近值。这样做的好处是可以快速扫描/检索某些聚集索引值范围内的记录。

例如，你有两个表，Customer和Order:

Customer
----------
ID
Name
Address

Order
----------
ID
CustomerID
Price

如果希望快速检索某个特定客户的所有订单，则可能希望在订单表的“CustomerID”列上创建聚集索引。这样，具有相同CustomerID的记录将在物理上彼此靠近地存储在磁盘上(集群)，从而加快了它们的检索速度。

附注:CustomerID上的索引显然不是唯一的，因此您要么需要添加第二个字段来“唯一”索引，要么让数据库为您处理，但这是另一回事。

Regarding multiple indexes. You can have only one clustered index per table because this defines how the data is physically arranged. If you wish an analogy, imagine a big room with many tables in it. You can either put these tables to form several rows or pull them all together to form a big conference table, but not both ways at the same time. A table can have other indexes, they will then point to the entries in the clustered index which in its turn will finally say where to find the actual data.

聚集索引

聚集索引根据表或视图中的键值对数据行进行排序和存储。这些是包含在索引定义中的列。每个表只能有一个聚集索引，因为数据行本身只能按一种顺序排序。

只有当表中包含聚集索引时，表中的数据行才会按排序顺序存储。当一个表具有聚集索引时，这个表称为聚集表。如果表没有聚集索引，则其数据行存储在称为堆的无序结构中。

非聚集

Nonclustered indexes have a structure separate from the data rows. A nonclustered index contains the nonclustered index key values and each key value entry has a pointer to the data row that contains the key value. The pointer from an index row in a nonclustered index to a data row is called a row locator. The structure of the row locator depends on whether the data pages are stored in a heap or a clustered table. For a heap, a row locator is a pointer to the row. For a clustered table, the row locator is the clustered index key.

可以将非键列添加到非聚集索引的叶级，以绕过现有的索引键限制，并执行完全覆盖的索引查询。有关更多信息，请参见创建包含列的索引。有关索引键限制的详细信息，请参见SQL Server最大容量规格。

参考:https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-databases/indexes/clustered-and-nonclustered-indexes-described

聚集索引——聚集索引定义了数据在表中物理存储的顺序。表数据只能按某种方式排序，因此，每个表只能有一个聚集索引。在SQL Server中，主键约束自动在特定列上创建聚集索引。

Non-Clustered Index - A non-clustered index doesn’t sort the physical data inside the table. In fact, a non-clustered index is stored at one place and table data is stored in another place. This is similar to a textbook where the book content is located in one place and the index is located in another. This allows for more than one non-clustered index per table.It is important to mention here that inside the table the data will be sorted by a clustered index. However, inside the non-clustered index data is stored in the specified order. The index contains column values on which the index is created and the address of the record that the column value belongs to.When a query is issued against a column on which the index is created, the database will first go to the index and look for the address of the corresponding row in the table. It will then go to that row address and fetch other column values. It is due to this additional step that non-clustered indexes are slower than clustered indexes

聚类索引和非聚类索引的区别

每个表只能有一个聚集索引。但是，你可以 在一个表上创建多个非聚集索引。 聚集索引只对表进行排序。因此，他们不消费 额外的存储。非聚集索引存储在单独的位置 从实际表中占用更多的存储空间。 聚集索引比非聚集索引快，因为它们 不要涉及任何额外的查找步骤。

有关更多信息，请参阅本文。

下面是聚类索引和非聚类索引的一些特征:

聚集索引

聚集索引是唯一标识SQL表中的行的索引。 每个表只能有一个聚集索引。 可以创建包含多个列的聚集索引。例如:create Index index_name(col1, col2, col.....)。 默认情况下，具有主键的列已经具有聚集索引。

非聚簇索引

非聚集索引类似于简单索引。它们只是用于快速检索数据。不一定有唯一的数据。

聚集索引意味着您告诉数据库在磁盘上存储实际上彼此接近的接近值。这样做的好处是可以快速扫描/检索某些聚集索引值范围内的记录。

例如，你有两个表，Customer和Order:

Customer
----------
ID
Name
Address

Order
----------
ID
CustomerID
Price

如果希望快速检索某个特定客户的所有订单，则可能希望在订单表的“CustomerID”列上创建聚集索引。这样，具有相同CustomerID的记录将在物理上彼此靠近地存储在磁盘上(集群)，从而加快了它们的检索速度。

附注:CustomerID上的索引显然不是唯一的，因此您要么需要添加第二个字段来“唯一”索引，要么让数据库为您处理，但这是另一回事。

Regarding multiple indexes. You can have only one clustered index per table because this defines how the data is physically arranged. If you wish an analogy, imagine a big room with many tables in it. You can either put these tables to form several rows or pull them all together to form a big conference table, but not both ways at the same time. A table can have other indexes, they will then point to the entries in the clustered index which in its turn will finally say where to find the actual data.

一个非常简单的、非技术性的经验法则是，聚集索引通常用于主键(或者至少是唯一的列)，而非聚集索引用于其他情况(可能是外键)。实际上，SQL Server默认会在你的主键列上创建一个聚集索引。正如您将了解到的，聚类索引与数据在磁盘上物理排序的方式有关，这意味着对于大多数情况，它是一个很好的全面选择。