正在安装到C:\ProductName

一些应用程序需要安装到C:\ProductName或类似的地方，但99.9%(如果不是100%)的示例安装到C:\Program Files\ CompanyName\ProductName。

下面的代码可以用来将TARGETDIR属性设置为C:驱动器的根目录(取自WiX-users列表):

<CustomAction Id="AssignTargetDir" Property="TARGETDIR" Value="C:\" Execute="firstSequence" />
<InstallUISequence>
    <Custom Action="AssignTargetDir" Before="CostInitialize">TARGETDIR=""</Custom>
</InstallUISequence>
<InstallExecuteSequence>
    <Custom Action="AssignTargetDir" Before="CostInitialize">TARGETDIR=""</Custom>
</InstallExecuteSequence>

注意:默认情况下，TARGETDIR不指向C:\!相反，它指向ROOTDRIVE，而ROOTDRIVE又指向拥有最大空闲空间的驱动器的根(见这里)——这并不一定是C:驱动器。可能有另一个硬盘驱动器，分区，或USB驱动器!

然后，在<Product…>标签，您需要以下目录标签像往常一样:

<Directory Id="TARGETDIR" Name="SourceDir">
    <Directory Id="APPLICATIONFOLDER" Name="$(var.ProductName)">
        <!-- your content goes here... -->
    </Directory>
</Directory>

把可以单独打补丁的组件放在它们自己的片段中

它适用于制作产品安装程序和补丁，如果您在一个片段中包含任何组件，则必须在该片段中包含所有组件。在构建安装程序的情况下，如果您遗漏了任何组件引用，您将从light.exe得到一个链接错误。但是，当您制作补丁时，如果您在一个片段中包含一个组件引用，那么该片段中所有更改的组件将显示在您的补丁中。

是这样的:

<Fragment>
    <DirectoryRef Id="SampleProductFolder">
        <Component Id="SampleComponent1" Guid="{C28843DA-EF08-41CC-BA75-D2B99D8A1983}" DiskId="1">
            <File Id="SampleFile1" Source=".\$(var.Version)f\Sample1.txt" />
        </Component>
    </DirectoryRef>
</Fragment>

<Fragment>
    <DirectoryRef Id="SampleProductFolder">
        <Component Id="SampleComponent2" Guid="{6CEA5599-E7B0-4D65-93AA-0F2F64402B22}" DiskId="1">
           <File Id="SampleFile2" Source=".\$(var.Version)f\Sample2.txt" />
        </Component>
    </DirectoryRef>
</Fragment>

<Fragment>
    <DirectoryRef Id="SampleProductFolder">
        <Component Id="SampleComponent3" Guid="{4030BAC9-FAB3-426B-8D1E-DC1E2F72C2FC}" DiskId="1">
           <File Id="SampleFile3" Source=".\$(var.Version)f\Sample3.txt" />
        </Component>
    </DirectoryRef>
</Fragment>

而不是这样:

<Fragment>
    <DirectoryRef Id="SampleProductFolder">
        <Component Id="SampleComponent1" Guid="{C28843DA-EF08-41CC-BA75-D2B99D8A1983}" DiskId="1">
            <File Id="SampleFile1" Source=".\$(var.Version)\Sample1.txt" />
        </Component>

        <Component Id="SampleComponent2" Guid="{6CEA5599-E7B0-4D65-93AA-0F2F64402B22}" DiskId="1">
           <File Id="SampleFile2" Source=".\$(var.Version)\Sample2.txt" />
        </Component>

        <Component Id="SampleComponent3" Guid="{4030BAC9-FAB3-426B-8D1E-DC1E2F72C2FC}" DiskId="1">
           <File Id="SampleFile3" Source=".\$(var.Version)\Sample3.txt" />
        </Component>
    </DirectoryRef>
</Fragment>

此外，在使用WiX中的“使用纯WiX”主题进行修补时。CHM帮助文件，使用这个程序生成补丁:

torch.exe -p -xi 1.0\product.wixpdb 1.1\product.wixpdb -out patch\diff.wixmst
candle.exe patch.wxs
light.exe patch.wixobj -out patch\patch.wixmsp
pyro.exe patch\patch.wixmsp -out patch\patch.msp -t RTM patch\diff.wixmst

仅仅拥有产品的1.1版本是不够的。Wixpdb使用单独片段中的组件构建。所以一定要在发货前对产品进行正确的分段。

创建现场、测试、培训……使用相同源文件的版本。

简而言之:为每个安装程序创建唯一的UpgradeCode，并自动为每个安装程序定义每个Guid的第一个字符，其余31个字符是唯一的。

先决条件

MSBuild社区任务

假设

WiX变量用于定义UpgradeCode、ProductName、InstallName。 您已经有了一个工作的安装程序。你不动手我是不会动手的。 所有组件都保存在一个文件(Components.wxs)中。如果你有多个文件，这个过程是有效的，只是有更多的工作要做。

目录结构

设置。图书馆 所有wxs文件(组件，功能，UI对话框，…) Common.Config.wxi (ProductCode="*"， ProductVersion, PlatformProgramFilesFolder，…) 设置。生活(wixproj) 链接所有安装程序。“添加为链接”(Visual Studio中“添加”按钮旁边的向下箭头按钮) 配置。wxi(有唯一的UpgradeCode, ProductName, InstallName，…) 设置。测试,… 按live但配置。wxi为测试环境配置。

过程

Create Setup.Library directory and move all your wxs and wxi files (except Config.wxi) from existing project. Create Setup.Live, Setup.Test, etc as per normal wixproj. Add BeforeBuild target in wixproj in Setup.Live, etc to perform MSBuild Community Task FileUpdate to modify Guids (I used A for Live, B for Test and C for training) Add AfterBuild target to revert Components.wxs Guids back to 0. Verify with Orca that each component in each MSI has the modified guid. Verify that original guids are restored. Verify that each MSI is installing (and upgrading) correct product and location.

例子Config.wxi

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Include>
<!-- Upgrade code should not change unless you want to install 
     a new product and have the old product remain installed, 
     that is, both products existing as separate instances. -->
<?define UpgradeCode = "YOUR-GUID-HERE" ?>

<!-- Platform specific variables -->
<?if $(var.Platform) = x64 ?>
  <!-- Product name as you want it to appear in Add/Remove Programs-->
  <?define ProductName = "Foo 64 Bit [Live]" ?>
<?else ?>
  <?define ProductName =  "Foo [Live]" ?>
<?endif ?>

<!-- Directory name used as default installation location -->
<?define InstallName = "Foo [Live]" ?>

<!-- Registry key name used to store installation location -->
<?define InstallNameKey = "FooLive" ?>

<?define VDirName = "FooLive" ?>
<?define AppPoolName = "FooLiveAppPool" ?>
<?define DbName = "BlahBlahLive" ?>
</Include>

例子Config.Common.wxi

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Include>
<!-- Auto-generate ProductCode for each build, release and upgrade -->
<?define ProductCode = "*" ?>

<!-- Note that 4th version (Revision) is ignored by Windows Installer -->
<?define ProductVersion = "1.0.0.0" ?>

<!-- Minimum version supported if product already installed and this is an upgrade -->
<!-- Note that 4th version (Revision) is ignored by Windows Installer -->
<?define MinimumUpgradeVersion = "0.0.0.0" ?>

<!-- Platform specific variables -->
<?if $(var.Platform) = x64 ?>
   <?define Win64 = "yes" ?>
   <?define PlatformProgramFilesFolder = "ProgramFiles64Folder" ?>
<?else ?>
   <?define Win64 = "no" ?>
   <?define PlatformProgramFilesFolder = "ProgramFilesFolder" ?>
<?endif ?>

<?define ProductManufacturer = "Foo Technologies"?>

<!-- Decimal Language ID (LCID) for the Product. Used for localization. -->
<?define ProductLanguage = "1033" ?>

<?define WebSiteName = "DefaultWebSite" ?>
<?define WebSitePort = "80" ?>

<?define DbServer = "(local)" ?>
</Include>

例子Components.wxs

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Wix xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/wix/2006/wi">
  <!-- The pre-processor variable which allows the magic to happen :) -->
  <?include $(sys.CURRENTDIR)\Config.wxi?>
  <?include ..\Setup.Library\Config.Common.wxi?>
  <Fragment Id="ComponentsFragment">
    <Directory Id="TARGETDIR" Name="SourceDir">
      <Directory Id="$(var.PlatformProgramFilesFolder)">
        <Directory Id="INSTALLLOCATION" Name="$(var.InstallName)">
          <Component Id="ProductComponent" Guid="0XXXXXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXXXXXXXXXX" KeyPath="yes">
          ...

注意:我现在建议将Guid属性从Component中去掉(相当于*)，每个组件使用一个文件，并将文件设置为小键盘。这样就不需要调用如下所示的ModifyComponentsGuids和RevertComponentsGuids目标。不过，这可能不适用于您的所有组件。

例子Setup.Live.wixproj

<Import Project="$(MSBuildExtensionsPath)\MSBuildCommunityTasks\MSBuild.Community.Tasks.Targets" />
<Target Name="BeforeBuild">
  <CallTarget Targets="ModifyComponentsGuids" />
</Target>
<Target Name="AfterBuild">
  <CallTarget Targets="RevertComponentsGuids" />
</Target>
<!-- Modify the first character of every Guid to create unique value for Live, Test and Training builds -->
<Target Name="ModifyComponentsGuids">
  <FileUpdate Files="..\Setup.Library\Components.wxs" Regex="Guid=&quot;([a-f]|[A-F]|\d)" ReplacementText="Guid=&quot;A" />
</Target>
<!-- Revert the first character of every Guid back to initial value -->
<Target Name="RevertComponentsGuids">
  <FileUpdate Files="..\Setup.Library\Components.wxs" Regex="Guid=&quot;([a-f]|[A-F]|\d)" ReplacementText="Guid=&quot;0" />
</Target>

最终的想法

This process should also work for creating different installers for different merge modules (Live, Test, ... as features) for the same installer. I went with different installers as it seemed a safer option, there is more risk that someone might upgrade Live instead of Training if they're on the same box and you just use features for the different merge modules. If you use your MSI to perform upgrades as well as new installs i.e. the major upgrade only approach, and you save your installation location in the registry, remember to create a variable for the key name for each install. We also create variables in each Config.wxi to enable unique virtual directory names, application pools, database names, et cetera for each installer.

更新1:如果您为每个文件创建带有Guid="*"的组件，并将文件设置为小键盘，则自动生成组件Guid将不需要调用FileUpdate任务。

更新2:我们遇到的一个问题是，如果您没有自动生成组件Guid，并且构建失败，那么临时文件需要手动删除。

更新3:找到了一种方法来消除对svn的依赖:externals和临时文件创建。这使得构建过程更具弹性(如果您不能通配符您的guid，这是最好的选择)，并且在灯光或蜡烛中构建失败时不那么脆弱。

更新4:WiX 3.0+支持使用实例转换的多实例，当然也值得一看。

Keep variables in a separate wxi include file. Enables re-use, variables are faster to find and (if needed) allows for easier manipulation by an external tool. Define Platform variables for x86 and x64 builds <!-- Product name as you want it to appear in Add/Remove Programs--> <?if $(var.Platform) = x64 ?> <?define ProductName = "Product Name (64 bit)" ?> <?define Win64 = "yes" ?> <?define PlatformProgramFilesFolder = "ProgramFiles64Folder" ?> <?else ?> <?define ProductName = "Product Name" ?> <?define Win64 = "no" ?> <?define PlatformProgramFilesFolder = "ProgramFilesFolder" ?> <?endif ?> Store the installation location in the registry, enabling upgrades to find the correct location. For example, if a user sets custom install directory. <Property Id="INSTALLLOCATION"> <RegistrySearch Id="RegistrySearch" Type="raw" Root="HKLM" Win64="$(var.Win64)" Key="Software\Company\Product" Name="InstallLocation" /> </Property> Note: WiX guru Rob Mensching has posted an excellent blog entry which goes into more detail and fixes an edge case when properties are set from the command line. Examples using 1. 2. and 3. <?include $(sys.CURRENTDIR)\Config.wxi?> <Product ... > <Package InstallerVersion="200" InstallPrivileges="elevated" InstallScope="perMachine" Platform="$(var.Platform)" Compressed="yes" Description="$(var.ProductName)" /> and <Directory Id="TARGETDIR" Name="SourceDir"> <Directory Id="$(var.PlatformProgramFilesFolder)"> <Directory Id="INSTALLLOCATION" Name="$(var.InstallName)"> The simplest approach is always do major upgrades, since it allows both new installs and upgrades in the single MSI. UpgradeCode is fixed to a unique Guid and will never change, unless we don't want to upgrade existing product. Note: In WiX 3.5 there is a new MajorUpgrade element which makes life even easier! Creating an icon in Add/Remove Programs <Icon Id="Company.ico" SourceFile="..\Tools\Company\Images\Company.ico" /> <Property Id="ARPPRODUCTICON" Value="Company.ico" /> <Property Id="ARPHELPLINK" Value="http://www.example.com/" /> On release builds we version our installers, copying the msi file to a deployment directory. An example of this using a wixproj target called from AfterBuild target: <Target Name="CopyToDeploy" Condition="'$(Configuration)' == 'Release'"> <!-- Note we append AssemblyFileVersion, changing MSI file name only works with Major Upgrades --> <Copy SourceFiles="$(OutputPath)$(OutputName).msi" DestinationFiles="..\Deploy\Setup\$(OutputName) $(AssemblyFileVersion)_$(Platform).msi" /> </Target> Use heat to harvest files with wildcard (*) Guid. Useful if you want to reuse WXS files across multiple projects (see my answer on multiple versions of the same product). For example, this batch file automatically harvests RoboHelp output. @echo off robocopy ..\WebHelp "%TEMP%\WebHelpTemp\WebHelp" /E /NP /PURGE /XD .svn "%WIX%bin\heat" dir "%TEMP%\WebHelp" -nologo -sfrag -suid -ag -srd -dir WebHelp -out WebHelp.wxs -cg WebHelpComponent -dr INSTALLLOCATION -var var.WebDeploySourceDir There's a bit going on, robocopy is stripping out Subversion working copy metadata before harvesting; the -dr root directory reference is set to our installation location rather than default TARGETDIR; -var is used to create a variable to specify the source directory (web deployment output). Easy way to include the product version in the welcome dialog title by using Strings.wxl for localization. (Credit: saschabeaumont. Added as this great tip is hidden in a comment) <WixLocalization Culture="en-US" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/wix/2006/localization"> <String Id="WelcomeDlgTitle">{\WixUI_Font_Bigger}Welcome to the [ProductName] [ProductVersion] Setup Wizard</String> </WixLocalization> Save yourself some pain and follow Wim Coehen's advice of one component per file. This also allows you to leave out (or wild-card *) the component GUID. Rob Mensching has a neat way to quickly track down problems in MSI log files by searching for value 3. Note the comments regarding internationalization. When adding conditional features, it's more intuitive to set the default feature level to 0 (disabled) and then set the condition level to your desired value. If you set the default feature level >= 1, the condition level has to be 0 to disable it, meaning the condition logic has to be the opposite to what you'd expect, which can be confusing :) <Feature Id="NewInstallFeature" Level="0" Description="New installation feature" Absent="allow"> <Condition Level="1">NOT UPGRADEFOUND</Condition> </Feature> <Feature Id="UpgradeFeature" Level="0" Description="Upgrade feature" Absent="allow"> <Condition Level="1">UPGRADEFOUND</Condition> </Feature>

这是一种帮助大型web项目验证部署的文件数量与内置到MSI(或合并模块)的文件数量匹配的方法。我刚刚在我们的主应用程序(仍在开发中)上运行了自定义MSBuild任务，它拾起了相当多的丢失的文件，主要是图像，但一些javascript文件已经滑过!

这种方法(通过连接到WiX项目的AfterBuild目标来窥视MSI的文件表)可以适用于其他类型的应用程序，在这些应用程序中，您可以访问所需文件的完整列表。

设置IIS enable32BitAppOnWin64标志http://trycatchfail.com/blog/post/WiX-Snippet-change-enable32BitAppOnWin64.aspx

<InstallExecuteSequence>
   <RemoveExistingProducts After="InstallFinalize" />
   <Custom Action="ConfigureAppPool" After="InstallFinalize" >
     <![CDATA[NOT Installed AND VersionNT64 >= 600]]>         
   </Custom>
</InstallExecuteSequence>

<CustomAction Id="ConfigureAppPool" Return="check" Directory="TARGETDIR" ExeCommand="[SystemFolder]inetsrv\appcmd set apppool /apppool.name:[APPPOOLNAME] /enable32BitAppOnWin64:false" />