我想转换/foo/bar/../ foo
是否有bash命令可以做到这一点?
编辑:在我的实际案例中,目录确实存在。
我想转换/foo/bar/../ foo
是否有bash命令可以做到这一点?
编辑:在我的实际案例中,目录确实存在。
当前回答
话多,回答有点晚。我需要写一个,因为我卡住了旧的RHEL4/5。 I处理绝对和相对链接,并简化//,/。/和somedir/../条目。
test -x /usr/bin/readlink || readlink () {
echo $(/bin/ls -l $1 | /bin/cut -d'>' -f 2)
}
test -x /usr/bin/realpath || realpath () {
local PATH=/bin:/usr/bin
local inputpath=$1
local changemade=1
while [ $changemade -ne 0 ]
do
changemade=0
local realpath=""
local token=
for token in ${inputpath//\// }
do
case $token in
""|".") # noop
;;
"..") # up one directory
changemade=1
realpath=$(dirname $realpath)
;;
*)
if [ -h $realpath/$token ]
then
changemade=1
target=`readlink $realpath/$token`
if [ "${target:0:1}" = '/' ]
then
realpath=$target
else
realpath="$realpath/$target"
fi
else
realpath="$realpath/$token"
fi
;;
esac
done
inputpath=$realpath
done
echo $realpath
}
mkdir -p /tmp/bar
(cd /tmp ; ln -s /tmp/bar foo; ln -s ../.././usr /tmp/bar/link2usr)
echo `realpath /tmp/foo`
其他回答
realpath试试。以下是全文来源,特此捐赠给公众领域。
// realpath.c: display the absolute path to a file or directory.
// Adam Liss, August, 2007
// This program is provided "as-is" to the public domain, without express or
// implied warranty, for any non-profit use, provided this notice is maintained.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <libgen.h>
#include <limits.h>
static char *s_pMyName;
void usage(void);
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
char
sPath[PATH_MAX];
s_pMyName = strdup(basename(argv[0]));
if (argc < 2)
usage();
printf("%s\n", realpath(argv[1], sPath));
return 0;
}
void usage(void)
{
fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s PATH\n", s_pMyName);
exit(1);
}
基于loveborg出色的python代码片段,我这样写:
#!/bin/sh
# Version of readlink that follows links to the end; good for Mac OS X
for file in "$@"; do
while [ -h "$file" ]; do
l=`readlink $file`
case "$l" in
/*) file="$l";;
*) file=`dirname "$file"`/"$l"
esac
done
#echo $file
python -c "import os,sys; print os.path.abspath(sys.argv[1])" "$file"
done
我需要一个同时满足这三点的解决方案:
在普通mac上工作。realpath和readlink -f是插件 解决符号链接 有错误处理
没有一个人的答案同时包含了第一条和第二条。我加了第三条是为了让其他人不用再剃牦牛了。
#!/bin/bash
P="${1?Specify a file path}"
[ -e "$P" ] || { echo "File does not exist: $P"; exit 1; }
while [ -h "$P" ] ; do
ls="$(ls -ld "$P")"
link="$(expr "$ls" : '.*-> \(.*\)$')"
expr "$link" : '/.*' > /dev/null &&
P="$link" ||
P="$(dirname "$P")/$link"
done
echo "$(cd "$(dirname "$P")"; pwd)/$(basename "$P")"
下面是一个简短的测试用例,在路径中有一些扭曲的空格,以充分练习引用
mkdir -p "/tmp/test/ first path "
mkdir -p "/tmp/test/ second path "
echo "hello" > "/tmp/test/ first path / red .txt "
ln -s "/tmp/test/ first path / red .txt " "/tmp/test/ second path / green .txt "
cd "/tmp/test/ second path "
fullpath " green .txt "
cat " green .txt "
我做了一个内置函数来处理这个问题,并专注于最高的性能(为了好玩)。它不解析符号链接,因此基本上与realpath -sm相同。
## A bash-only mimic of `realpath -sm`.
## Give it path[s] as argument[s] and it will convert them to clean absolute paths
abspath () {
${*+false} && { >&2 echo $FUNCNAME: missing operand; return 1; };
local c s p IFS='/'; ## path chunk, absolute path, input path, IFS for splitting paths into chunks
local -i r=0; ## return value
for p in "$@"; do
case "$p" in ## Check for leading backslashes, identify relative/absolute path
'') ((r|=1)); continue;;
//[!/]*) >&2 echo "paths =~ ^//[^/]* are impl-defined; not my problem"; ((r|=2)); continue;;
/*) ;;
*) p="$PWD/$p";; ## Prepend the current directory to form an absolute path
esac
s='';
for c in $p; do ## Let IFS split the path at '/'s
case $c in ### NOTE: IFS is '/'; so no quotes needed here
''|.) ;; ## Skip duplicate '/'s and '/./'s
..) s="${s%/*}";; ## Trim the previous addition to the absolute path string
*) s+=/$c;; ### NOTE: No quotes here intentionally. They make no difference, it seems
esac;
done;
echo "${s:-/}"; ## If xpg_echo is set, use `echo -E` or `printf $'%s\n'` instead
done
return $r;
}
注意:这个函数不处理以//开头的路径,因为路径开头的两个双斜杠是实现定义的行为。但是,它可以很好地处理/、///等等。
这个函数似乎正确地处理了所有的边缘情况,但可能还有一些我没有处理的情况。
性能注意:当调用数千个参数时,abspath运行速度比realpath -sm慢10倍左右;当使用单个参数调用abspath时,在我的机器上,abspath的运行速度比realpath -sm快110倍,这主要是因为不需要每次都执行新程序。
我不知道是否有直接的bash命令可以做到这一点,但我通常会这样做
normalDir="`cd "${dirToNormalize}";pwd`"
echo "${normalDir}"
而且效果很好。