我正在构建一个REST API,但遇到了一个问题。
在设计REST API时,公认的做法似乎是,如果所请求的资源不存在,就会返回404。
然而,对我来说,这增加了不必要的模糊性。HTTP 404通常与错误的URI联系在一起。所以实际上我们在说:“要么你去了正确的地方,但那个特定的记录不存在,要么互联网上没有这样的位置!我真的不知道是哪一个……”
考虑下面的URI:
http://mywebsite/api/user/13
如果我得到404返回,是因为用户13不存在吗?还是因为我的URL应该是:
http://mywebsite/restapi/user/13
在过去,如果记录不存在,我只是返回一个带有HTTP 200 OK响应代码的NULL结果。它很简单,在我看来非常干净,即使它不一定是公认的实践。但是有没有更好的办法呢?
这是我们团队最近提出的。
我们使用404 Not found与消息体和204 No Content基于下面的理由。
如果请求URI表示单个资源的位置,则使用404 Not found。当请求查询一个URI时,我们使用204 No Content
当用户13不存在时,http://mywebsite/api/user/13将返回404
http://mywebsite/api/users?id=13将返回204 no内容
http://mywebsite/api/users?firstname=test将返回204 no内容
这里的想法是,“查询路由”被期望能够返回1,许多或没有内容。
无论你选择哪种模式,最重要的是保持一致——所以要得到你的团队的认可。
所以从本质上讲,听起来答案可能取决于请求是如何形成的。
如果根据对http://mywebsite/restapi/user/13的请求,所请求的资源构成URI的一部分,而用户13不存在,那么404可能是合适的和直观的,因为URI代表不存在的用户/实体/文档等。对于使用GUID http://mywebsite/api/user/3dd5b770-79ea-11e1-b0c4-0800200c9a66和上面的api/restapi参数的更安全的技术,情况也是如此。
However, if the requested resource ID was included in the request header [include your own example], or indeed, in the URI as a parameter, eg http://mywebsite/restapi/user/?UID=13 then the URI would still be correct (because the concept of a USER does exits at http://mywebsite/restapi/user/); and therefore the response could reasonable be expected to be a 200 (with an appropriately verbose message) because the specific user known as 13 does not exist but the URI does. This way we are saying the URI is good, but the request for data has no content.
就我个人而言,200还是感觉不对(尽管我之前也说过)。例如,当发送不正确的ID时,200响应代码(没有详细响应)可能导致不调查问题。
A better approach would be to send a 204 - No Contentresponse. This is compliant with w3c's description *The server has fulfilled the request but does not need to return an entity-body, and might want to return updated metainformation.*1 The confusion, in my opinion is caused by the Wikipedia entry stating 204 No Content - The server successfully processed the request, but is not returning any content. Usually used as a response to a successful delete request. The last sentence is highly debateable. Consider the situation without that sentence and the solution is easy - just send a 204 if the entity does not exist. There is even an argument for returning a 204 instead of a 404, the request has been processed and no content has been returned! Please be aware though, 204's do not allow content in the response body
来源
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes
1. http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html