Eclipse给我一个如下形式的警告:
类型安全:未检查从对象转换到HashMap
这是从一个API调用，我无法控制返回对象:
HashMap<String, String> getItems(javax.servlet.http.HttpSession session) {
HashMap<String, String> theHash = (HashMap<String, String>)session.getAttribute("attributeKey");
return theHash;
}
如果可能的话，我希望避免使用Eclipse警告，因为理论上它们至少表明存在潜在的代码问题。不过，我还没有找到消除这个问题的好方法。我可以将所涉及的单行单独提取到一个方法中，并向该方法添加@SuppressWarnings(“unchecked”)，从而限制忽略警告的代码块的影响。有更好的选择吗?我不想在Eclipse中关闭这些警告。
在我接触代码之前，它更简单，但仍然引起了警告:
HashMap getItems(javax.servlet.http.HttpSession session) {
HashMap theHash = (HashMap)session.getAttribute("attributeKey");
return theHash;
}
问题是在其他地方，当你试图使用散列时，你会得到警告:
HashMap items = getItems(session);
items.put("this", "that");
Type safety: The method put(Object, Object) belongs to the raw type HashMap. References to generic type HashMap<K,V> should be parameterized.
下面是一个简短的示例，通过使用其他回答中提到的两种策略来避免“unchecked cast”警告。
Pass down the Class of the type of interest as a parameter at runtime (Class<T> inputElementClazz). Then you can use: inputElementClazz.cast(anyObject);
For type casting of a Collection, use the wildcard ? instead of a generic type T to acknowledge that you indeed do not know what kind of objects to expect from the legacy code (Collection<?> unknownTypeCollection). After all, this is what the "unchecked cast" warning wants to tell us: We cannot be sure that we get a Collection<T>, so the honest thing to do is to use a Collection<?>. If absolutely needed, a collection of a known type can still be built (Collection<T> knownTypeCollection).
下面示例中的遗留代码接口在StructuredViewer中有一个属性“input”(StructuredViewer是一个树或表小部件，“input”是它背后的数据模型)。这个“输入”可以是任何类型的Java集合。
public void dragFinished(StructuredViewer structuredViewer, Class<T> inputElementClazz) {
IStructuredSelection selection = (IStructuredSelection) structuredViewer.getSelection();
// legacy code returns an Object from getFirstElement,
// the developer knows/hopes it is of type inputElementClazz, but the compiler cannot know
T firstElement = inputElementClazz.cast(selection.getFirstElement());
// legacy code returns an object from getInput, so we deal with it as a Collection<?>
Collection<?> unknownTypeCollection = (Collection<?>) structuredViewer.getInput();
// for some operations we do not even need a collection with known types
unknownTypeCollection.remove(firstElement);
// nothing prevents us from building a Collection of a known type, should we really need one
Collection<T> knownTypeCollection = new ArrayList<T>();
for (Object object : unknownTypeCollection) {
T aT = inputElementClazz.cast(object);
knownTypeCollection.add(aT);
System.out.println(aT.getClass());
}
structuredViewer.refresh();
}
当然，如果我们使用错误的数据类型的遗留代码(例如，如果我们将一个数组设置为StructuredViewer的“输入”而不是Java Collection)，上面的代码就会给出运行时错误。
调用方法的例子:
dragFinishedStrategy.dragFinished(viewer, Product.class);
下面是一个简短的示例，通过使用其他回答中提到的两种策略来避免“unchecked cast”警告。
Pass down the Class of the type of interest as a parameter at runtime (Class<T> inputElementClazz). Then you can use: inputElementClazz.cast(anyObject);
For type casting of a Collection, use the wildcard ? instead of a generic type T to acknowledge that you indeed do not know what kind of objects to expect from the legacy code (Collection<?> unknownTypeCollection). After all, this is what the "unchecked cast" warning wants to tell us: We cannot be sure that we get a Collection<T>, so the honest thing to do is to use a Collection<?>. If absolutely needed, a collection of a known type can still be built (Collection<T> knownTypeCollection).
下面示例中的遗留代码接口在StructuredViewer中有一个属性“input”(StructuredViewer是一个树或表小部件，“input”是它背后的数据模型)。这个“输入”可以是任何类型的Java集合。
public void dragFinished(StructuredViewer structuredViewer, Class<T> inputElementClazz) {
IStructuredSelection selection = (IStructuredSelection) structuredViewer.getSelection();
// legacy code returns an Object from getFirstElement,
// the developer knows/hopes it is of type inputElementClazz, but the compiler cannot know
T firstElement = inputElementClazz.cast(selection.getFirstElement());
// legacy code returns an object from getInput, so we deal with it as a Collection<?>
Collection<?> unknownTypeCollection = (Collection<?>) structuredViewer.getInput();
// for some operations we do not even need a collection with known types
unknownTypeCollection.remove(firstElement);
// nothing prevents us from building a Collection of a known type, should we really need one
Collection<T> knownTypeCollection = new ArrayList<T>();
for (Object object : unknownTypeCollection) {
T aT = inputElementClazz.cast(object);
knownTypeCollection.add(aT);
System.out.println(aT.getClass());
}
structuredViewer.refresh();
}
当然，如果我们使用错误的数据类型的遗留代码(例如，如果我们将一个数组设置为StructuredViewer的“输入”而不是Java Collection)，上面的代码就会给出运行时错误。
调用方法的例子:
dragFinishedStrategy.dragFinished(viewer, Product.class);
的对象。Esko Luontola上面回答的未检查的实用函数是避免程序混乱的好方法。
如果您不希望在整个方法上使用SuppressWarnings, Java会强制您将其放在本地方法上。如果你需要对一个成员进行强制转换，可能会导致这样的代码:
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
Vector<String> watchedSymbolsClone = (Vector<String>) watchedSymbols.clone();
this.watchedSymbols = watchedSymbolsClone;
使用这个实用程序要干净得多，而且你所做的事情仍然很明显:
this.watchedSymbols = Objects.uncheckedCast(watchedSymbols.clone());
注意:
我觉得有必要补充一下，有时候警告真的意味着你做错了什么，比如:
ArrayList<Integer> intList = new ArrayList<Integer>();
intList.add(1);
Object intListObject = intList;
// this line gives an unchecked warning - but no runtime error
ArrayList<String> stringList = (ArrayList<String>) intListObject;
System.out.println(stringList.get(0)); // cast exception will be given here
编译器告诉您的是，在运行时不会检查此强制转换，因此在尝试访问泛型容器中的数据之前不会引发运行时错误。
在HTTP Session世界中，您无法真正避免强制转换，因为API就是这样编写的(只接受并返回Object)。
不过，只要稍加努力，你就可以很容易地避免这种未经检查的转换。”这意味着在发生错误时，它将转换为传统的强制转换，并在那里给出ClassCastException)。未经检查的异常可能在以后的任何时候变成CCE，而不是在强制转换的时候(这就是为什么它是一个单独的警告)。
用专用类替换HashMap:
import java.util.AbstractMap;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
public class Attributes extends AbstractMap<String, String> {
final Map<String, String> content = new HashMap<String, String>();
@Override
public Set<Map.Entry<String, String>> entrySet() {
return content.entrySet();
}
@Override
public Set<String> keySet() {
return content.keySet();
}
@Override
public Collection<String> values() {
return content.values();
}
@Override
public String put(final String key, final String value) {
return content.put(key, value);
}
}
然后转换为那个类，而不是Map<String,String>，所有内容都将在您编写代码的确切位置进行检查。以后不会出现意外的classcastexception。
