在强制转换之前检查一下。

Object someObject = session.getAttribute("attributeKey");
if(someObject instanceof HashMap)
HashMap<String, String> theHash = (HashMap<String, String>)someObject;  

对于任何提问的人来说，收到你不确定类型的对象是很常见的。大量遗留的“SOA”实现传递各种对象，您不应该总是信任这些对象。(恐怖!)

EDIT修改了示例代码一次，以匹配海报的更新，在一些评论之后，我看到instanceof不能很好地使用泛型。然而，更改检查以验证外部对象似乎可以很好地使用命令行编译器。修订的例子现在发布。

这很难，但以下是我目前的想法:

如果你的API返回Object，那么你什么也做不了——无论如何，你都将盲目地强制转换对象。您可以让Java抛出classcastexception，或者您可以自己检查每个元素并抛出断言或illegalargumentexception或诸如此类的东西，但这些运行时检查都是等效的。无论在运行时做什么，都必须抑制编译时未检查的强制转换。

我只是更喜欢盲强制转换，让JVM为我执行它的运行时检查，因为我们“知道”API应该返回什么，并且通常愿意假设API工作。如果需要，可以在类型转换上方的任何地方使用泛型。您实际上并没有购买任何东西，因为您仍然拥有单一的盲强制转换，但至少您可以从这里开始使用泛型，因此JVM可以帮助您避免在代码的其他部分使用盲强制转换。

在这个特殊的例子中，假设您可以看到对SetAttribute的调用，并看到进入的类型，因此在退出时将类型盲强制转换为same并不是不道德的。添加一个引用SetAttribute的注释并完成它。

以这个为例，它比创建一个新的HashMap要快得多，如果它已经是一个HashMap，但仍然是安全的，因为每个元素都根据它的类型进行检查…

@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public static <K, V> HashMap<K, V> toHashMap(Object input, Class<K> key, Class<V> value) {
       assert input instanceof Map : input;

       for (Map.Entry<?, ?> e : ((HashMap<?, ?>) input).entrySet()) {
           assert key.isAssignableFrom(e.getKey().getClass()) : "Map contains invalid keys";
           assert value.isAssignableFrom(e.getValue().getClass()) : "Map contains invalid values";
       }

       if (input instanceof HashMap)
           return (HashMap<K, V>) input;
       return new HashMap<K, V>((Map<K, V>) input);
    }

当然，最明显的答案是不要进行未经检查的强制转换。

如果绝对有必要，那么至少尝试限制@SuppressWarnings注释的范围。根据它的Javadocs，它可以访问局部变量;这样，它甚至不会影响整个方法。

例子:

@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
Map<String, String> myMap = (Map<String, String>) deserializeMap();

没有办法确定Map是否真的应该有通用参数<String, String>。您必须事先知道参数应该是什么(否则当您得到ClassCastException时就会知道)。这就是代码生成警告的原因，因为编译器不可能知道是否安全。

下面是重写equals()操作时的一种处理方法。

public abstract class Section<T extends Section> extends Element<Section<T>> {
    Object attr1;

    /**
    * Compare one section object to another.
    *
    * @param obj the object being compared with this section object
    * @return true if this section and the other section are of the same
    * sub-class of section and their component fields are the same, false
    * otherwise
    */       
    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
        if (obj == null) {
            // this exists, but obj doesn't, so they can't be equal!
            return false;
        }

        // prepare to cast...
        Section<?> other;

        if (getClass() != obj.getClass()) {
            // looks like we're comparing apples to oranges
            return false;
        } else {
            // it must be safe to make that cast!
            other = (Section<?>) obj;
        }

        // and then I compare attributes between this and other
        return this.attr1.equals(other.attr1);
    }
}

这似乎在Java 8中工作(甚至用-Xlint:unchecked编译)

Two ways, one which avoids the tag completely, the other using a naughty but nice utility method. The problem is pre-genericised Collections... I believe the rule of thumb is: "cast objects one thing at a time" - what this means when trying to use raw classes in a genericised world is that because you don't know what is in this Map<?, ?> (and indeed the JVM might even find that it isn't even a Map!), it obvious when you think about it that you can't cast it. If you had a Map<String, ?> map2 then HashSet<String> keys = (HashSet<String>)map2.keySet() does not give you a warning, despite this being an "act of faith" for the compiler (because it might turn out to be a TreeSet)... but it is only a single act of faith. PS to the objection that iterating as in my first way "is boring" and "takes time", the answer is "no pain no gain": a genericised collection is guaranteed to contain Map.Entry<String, String>s, and nothing else. You have to pay for this guarantee. When using generics systematically this payment, beautifully, takes the form of coding compliance, not machine time! One school of thought might say that you should set Eclipse's settings to make such unchecked casts errors, rather than warnings. In that case you would have to use my first way.

package scratchpad;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Vector;

public class YellowMouse {

    // First way

    Map<String, String> getHashMapStudiouslyAvoidingSuppressTag(HttpSession session) {
      Map<?, ?> theHash = (Map<?, ?>)session.getAttribute("attributeKey");

      Map<String, String> yellowMouse = new HashMap<String, String>();
      for( Map.Entry<?, ?> entry : theHash.entrySet() ){
        yellowMouse.put( (String)entry.getKey(), (String)entry.getValue() );
      }

      return yellowMouse;
    }


    // Second way

    Map<String, String> getHashMapUsingNaughtyButNiceUtilityMethod(HttpSession session) {
      return uncheckedCast( session.getAttribute("attributeKey") );
    }


    // NB this is a utility method which should be kept in your utility library. If you do that it will
    // be the *only* time in your entire life that you will have to use this particular tag!!

    @SuppressWarnings({ "unchecked" })
    public static synchronized <T> T uncheckedCast(Object obj) {
        return (T) obj;
    }


}