1) WebClient是一个托管类型，所以你不需要终结器。如果您的用户不Dispose()您的NoGateway类，并且本机类型(不被GC收集)之后需要清理，则需要结束器。在这种情况下，如果用户没有调用Dispose()，所包含的WebClient将在NoGateway调用之后被GC丢弃。

间接地，是的，但你不必担心。你的代码是正确的，你不能防止你的用户很容易忘记Dispose()。

来自msdn的模式

public class BaseResource: IDisposable
{
   private IntPtr handle;
   private Component Components;
   private bool disposed = false;
   public BaseResource()
   {
   }
   public void Dispose()
   {
      Dispose(true);      
      GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
   }
   protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
   {
      if(!this.disposed)
      {        
         if(disposing)
         {
            Components.Dispose();
         }         
         CloseHandle(handle);
         handle = IntPtr.Zero;
       }
      disposed = true;         
   }
   ~BaseResource()      
   {      Dispose(false);
   }
   public void DoSomething()
   {
      if(this.disposed)
      {
         throw new ObjectDisposedException();
      }
   }
}
public class MyResourceWrapper: BaseResource
{
   private ManagedResource addedManaged;
   private NativeResource addedNative;
   private bool disposed = false;
   public MyResourceWrapper()
   {
   }
   protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
   {
      if(!this.disposed)
      {
         try
         {
            if(disposing)
            {             
               addedManaged.Dispose();         
            }
            CloseHandle(addedNative);
            this.disposed = true;
         }
         finally
         {
            base.Dispose(disposing);
         }
      }
   }
}

If you are using other managed objects that are using unmanaged resources, it is not your responsibility to ensure those are finalized. Your responsibility is to call Dispose on those objects when Dispose is called on your object, and it stops there. If your class doesn't use any scarce resources, I fail to see why you would make your class implement IDisposable. You should only do so if you're: Know you will have scarce resources in your objects soon, just not now (and I mean that as in "we're still developing, it will be here before we're done", not as in "I think we'll need this") Using scarce resources Yes, the code that uses your code must call the Dispose method of your object. And yes, the code that uses your object can use using as you've shown. (2 again?) It is likely that the WebClient uses either unmanaged resources, or other managed resources that implement IDisposable. The exact reason, however, is not important. What is important is that it implements IDisposable, and so it falls on you to act upon that knowledge by disposing of the object when you're done with it, even if it turns out WebClient uses no other resources at all.

Note that any IDisposable implementation should follow the below pattern (IMHO). I developed this pattern based on info from several excellent .NET "gods" the .NET Framework Design Guidelines (note that MSDN does not follow this for some reason!). The .NET Framework Design Guidelines were written by Krzysztof Cwalina (CLR Architect at the time) and Brad Abrams (I believe the CLR Program Manager at the time) and Bill Wagner ([Effective C#] and [More Effective C#] (just take a look for these on Amazon.com:

Note that you should NEVER implement a Finalizer unless your class directly contains (not inherits) UNmanaged resources. Once you implement a Finalizer in a class, even if it is never called, it is guaranteed to live for an extra collection. It is automatically placed on the Finalization Queue (which runs on a single thread). Also, one very important note...all code executed within a Finalizer (should you need to implement one) MUST be thread-safe AND exception-safe! BAD things will happen otherwise...(i.e. undetermined behavior and in the case of an exception, a fatal unrecoverable application crash).

我把模式放在一起(并为其编写了代码片段)如下:

#region IDisposable implementation

//TODO remember to make this class inherit from IDisposable -> $className$ : IDisposable

// Default initialization for a bool is 'false'
private bool IsDisposed { get; set; }

/// <summary>
/// Implementation of Dispose according to .NET Framework Design Guidelines.
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>Do not make this method virtual.
/// A derived class should not be able to override this method.
/// </remarks>
public void Dispose()
{
    Dispose( true );

    // This object will be cleaned up by the Dispose method.
    // Therefore, you should call GC.SupressFinalize to
    // take this object off the finalization queue 
    // and prevent finalization code for this object
    // from executing a second time.

    // Always use SuppressFinalize() in case a subclass
    // of this type implements a finalizer.
    GC.SuppressFinalize( this );
}

/// <summary>
/// Overloaded Implementation of Dispose.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="isDisposing"></param>
/// <remarks>
/// <para><list type="bulleted">Dispose(bool isDisposing) executes in two distinct scenarios.
/// <item>If <paramref name="isDisposing"/> equals true, the method has been called directly
/// or indirectly by a user's code. Managed and unmanaged resources
/// can be disposed.</item>
/// <item>If <paramref name="isDisposing"/> equals false, the method has been called by the 
/// runtime from inside the finalizer and you should not reference 
/// other objects. Only unmanaged resources can be disposed.</item></list></para>
/// </remarks>
protected virtual void Dispose( bool isDisposing )
{
    // TODO If you need thread safety, use a lock around these 
    // operations, as well as in your methods that use the resource.
    try
    {
        if( !this.IsDisposed )
        {
            if( isDisposing )
            {
                // TODO Release all managed resources here

                $end$
            }

            // TODO Release all unmanaged resources here



            // TODO explicitly set root references to null to expressly tell the GarbageCollector
            // that the resources have been disposed of and its ok to release the memory allocated for them.


        }
    }
    finally
    {
        // explicitly call the base class Dispose implementation
        base.Dispose( isDisposing );

        this.IsDisposed = true;
    }
}

//TODO Uncomment this code if this class will contain members which are UNmanaged
// 
///// <summary>Finalizer for $className$</summary>
///// <remarks>This finalizer will run only if the Dispose method does not get called.
///// It gives your base class the opportunity to finalize.
///// DO NOT provide finalizers in types derived from this class.
///// All code executed within a Finalizer MUST be thread-safe!</remarks>
//  ~$className$()
//  {
//     Dispose( false );
//  }
#endregion IDisposable implementation

下面是在派生类中实现IDisposable的代码。注意，您不需要在派生类的定义中显式地列出来自IDisposable的继承。

public DerivedClass : BaseClass, IDisposable (remove the IDisposable because it is inherited from BaseClass)


protected override void Dispose( bool isDisposing )
{
    try
    {
        if ( !this.IsDisposed )
        {
            if ( isDisposing )
            {
                // Release all managed resources here

            }
        }
    }
    finally
    {
        // explicitly call the base class Dispose implementation
        base.Dispose( isDisposing );
    }
}

我已经在我的博客上发布了这个实现:如何正确地实现Dispose模式

没有人回答你是否应该实现IDisposable的问题，即使你不需要它。

简单的回答:不

长一点的回答:

这将允许你的类的消费者使用“using”。我想问的问题是，他们为什么要这么做?大多数开发者不会使用“使用”，除非他们知道他们必须这么做——他们是怎么知道的。要么

很明显，从经验来看(例如，一个套接字类) 它的记录 他们很谨慎，可以看到类实现了IDisposable

因此，通过实现IDisposable，你可以告诉开发人员(至少是一些开发人员)这个类封装了一些必须发布的东西。他们会使用“using”——但在其他情况下，使用是不可能的(对象的作用域不是本地的);他们将不得不开始担心在其他情况下对象的生命周期-我肯定会担心。但这是不必要的

你实现Idisposable，让他们使用使用，但他们不会使用使用，除非你告诉他们。

所以不要这么做

推荐的IDisposable模式如下。当编程一个使用IDisposable的类时，通常你应该使用两种模式:

当实现一个不使用非托管资源的密封类时，你只需像普通接口实现一样实现Dispose方法:

public sealed class A : IDisposable
{
    public void Dispose()
    {
        // get rid of managed resources, call Dispose on member variables...
    }
}

当实现一个非密封类时，像这样做:

public class B : IDisposable
{    
    public void Dispose()
    {
        Dispose(true);
        GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
    }

    protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
    {
        if (disposing)
        {
            // get rid of managed resources
        }   
        // get rid of unmanaged resources
    }

    // only if you use unmanaged resources directly in B
    //~B()
    //{
    //    Dispose(false);
    //}
}

注意，我没有在B中声明终结式;只有在有实际的非托管资源要处理时，才应该实现终结器。CLR处理可终结对象与处理不可终结对象是不同的，即使调用了SuppressFinalize。

所以，除非必须，否则你不应该声明终结器，但是你可以给类的继承者一个钩子来调用你的Dispose，如果他们直接使用非托管资源，他们自己实现终结器:

public class C : B
{
    private IntPtr m_Handle;

    protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
    {
        if (disposing)
        {
            // get rid of managed resources
        }
        ReleaseHandle(m_Handle);

        base.Dispose(disposing);
    }

    ~C() {
        Dispose(false);
    }
}

如果您没有直接使用非托管资源(SafeHandle和friend不计算在内，因为它们声明了自己的终结器)，那么就不要实现终结器，因为GC以不同的方式处理可终结类，即使您稍后抑制了终结器。还要注意，即使B没有终结器，它仍然调用SuppressFinalize来正确处理任何实现了终结器的子类。

当一个类实现IDisposable接口时，这意味着在某个地方有一些非托管资源，当您使用完该类时，这些资源应该被删除。实际资源封装在类中;您不需要显式地删除它们。只需调用Dispose()或将类包装在using(…){}中，就可以确保在必要时删除任何非托管资源。