找出弦的所有排列的优雅方法是什么。例如，ba的排列，将是ba和ab，但更长的字符串，如abcdefgh?是否有Java实现示例?
当前回答
在这里和其他论坛给出的所有解决方案中，我最喜欢Mark Byers。这个描述实际上让我自己思考并编写了代码。 可惜我不能投票支持他的解决方案，因为我是新手。 无论如何，这是我对他的描述的实现
public class PermTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
String str = "abcdef";
StringBuffer strBuf = new StringBuffer(str);
doPerm(strBuf,0);
}
private static void doPerm(StringBuffer str, int index){
if(index == str.length())
System.out.println(str);
else { //recursively solve this by placing all other chars at current first pos
doPerm(str, index+1);
for (int i = index+1; i < str.length(); i++) {//start swapping all other chars with current first char
swap(str,index, i);
doPerm(str, index+1);
swap(str,i, index);//restore back my string buffer
}
}
}
private static void swap(StringBuffer str, int pos1, int pos2){
char t1 = str.charAt(pos1);
str.setCharAt(pos1, str.charAt(pos2));
str.setCharAt(pos2, t1);
}
}
我更喜欢这个解决方案，而不是第一个解决方案，因为这个解决方案使用StringBuffer。我不会说我的解决方案没有创建任何临时字符串(它实际上在system.out.println中创建，其中调用StringBuffer的toString())。但我只是觉得这比第一个解决方案好太多的字符串字面值被创建。可能有些性能人员可以根据“内存”来评估这一点(对于“时间”来说，由于额外的“交换”，它已经滞后了)
其他回答
一个java实现打印给定字符串的所有排列，考虑重复字符，只打印唯一字符，如下所示:
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.HashSet;
public class PrintAllPermutations2
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
String str = "AAC";
PrintAllPermutations2 permutation = new PrintAllPermutations2();
Set<String> uniqueStrings = new HashSet<>();
permutation.permute("", str, uniqueStrings);
}
void permute(String prefixString, String s, Set<String> set)
{
int n = s.length();
if(n == 0)
{
if(!set.contains(prefixString))
{
System.out.println(prefixString);
set.add(prefixString);
}
}
else
{
for(int i=0; i<n; i++)
{
permute(prefixString + s.charAt(i), s.substring(0,i) + s.substring(i+1,n), set);
}
}
}
}
在这里和其他论坛给出的所有解决方案中，我最喜欢Mark Byers。这个描述实际上让我自己思考并编写了代码。 可惜我不能投票支持他的解决方案，因为我是新手。 无论如何，这是我对他的描述的实现
public class PermTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
String str = "abcdef";
StringBuffer strBuf = new StringBuffer(str);
doPerm(strBuf,0);
}
private static void doPerm(StringBuffer str, int index){
if(index == str.length())
System.out.println(str);
else { //recursively solve this by placing all other chars at current first pos
doPerm(str, index+1);
for (int i = index+1; i < str.length(); i++) {//start swapping all other chars with current first char
swap(str,index, i);
doPerm(str, index+1);
swap(str,i, index);//restore back my string buffer
}
}
}
private static void swap(StringBuffer str, int pos1, int pos2){
char t1 = str.charAt(pos1);
str.setCharAt(pos1, str.charAt(pos2));
str.setCharAt(pos2, t1);
}
}
我更喜欢这个解决方案，而不是第一个解决方案，因为这个解决方案使用StringBuffer。我不会说我的解决方案没有创建任何临时字符串(它实际上在system.out.println中创建，其中调用StringBuffer的toString())。但我只是觉得这比第一个解决方案好太多的字符串字面值被创建。可能有些性能人员可以根据“内存”来评估这一点(对于“时间”来说，由于额外的“交换”，它已经滞后了)
//Rotate and create words beginning with all letter possible and push to stack 1
//Read from stack1 and for each word create words with other letters at the next location by rotation and so on
/* eg : man
1. push1 - man, anm, nma
2. pop1 - nma , push2 - nam,nma
pop1 - anm , push2 - amn,anm
pop1 - man , push2 - mna,man
*/
public class StringPermute {
static String str;
static String word;
static int top1 = -1;
static int top2 = -1;
static String[] stringArray1;
static String[] stringArray2;
static int strlength = 0;
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
System.out.println("Enter String : ");
InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(System.in);
BufferedReader bfr = new BufferedReader(isr);
str = bfr.readLine();
word = str;
strlength = str.length();
int n = 1;
for (int i = 1; i <= strlength; i++) {
n = n * i;
}
stringArray1 = new String[n];
stringArray2 = new String[n];
push(word, 1);
doPermute();
display();
}
public static void push(String word, int x) {
if (x == 1)
stringArray1[++top1] = word;
else
stringArray2[++top2] = word;
}
public static String pop(int x) {
if (x == 1)
return stringArray1[top1--];
else
return stringArray2[top2--];
}
public static void doPermute() {
for (int j = strlength; j >= 2; j--)
popper(j);
}
public static void popper(int length) {
// pop from stack1 , rotate each word n times and push to stack 2
if (top1 > -1) {
while (top1 > -1) {
word = pop(1);
for (int j = 0; j < length; j++) {
rotate(length);
push(word, 2);
}
}
}
// pop from stack2 , rotate each word n times w.r.t position and push to
// stack 1
else {
while (top2 > -1) {
word = pop(2);
for (int j = 0; j < length; j++) {
rotate(length);
push(word, 1);
}
}
}
}
public static void rotate(int position) {
char[] charstring = new char[100];
for (int j = 0; j < word.length(); j++)
charstring[j] = word.charAt(j);
int startpos = strlength - position;
char temp = charstring[startpos];
for (int i = startpos; i < strlength - 1; i++) {
charstring[i] = charstring[i + 1];
}
charstring[strlength - 1] = temp;
word = new String(charstring).trim();
}
public static void display() {
int top;
if (top1 > -1) {
while (top1 > -1)
System.out.println(stringArray1[top1--]);
} else {
while (top2 > -1)
System.out.println(stringArray2[top2--]);
}
}
}
递归Python解决方案
def permute(input_str):
_permute("", input_str)
def _permute(prefix, str_to_permute):
if str_to_permute == '':
print(prefix)
else:
for i in range(len(str_to_permute)):
_permute(prefix+str_to_permute[i], str_to_permute[0:i] + str_to_permute[i+1:])
if __name__ == '__main__':
permute('foobar')
为排列和组合添加更详细的NcK/NcR
public static void combinationNcK(List<String> inputList, String prefix, int chooseCount, List<String> resultList) {
if (chooseCount == 0)
resultList.add(prefix);
else {
for (int i = 0; i < inputList.size(); i++)
combinationNcK(inputList.subList(i + 1, inputList.size()), prefix + "," + inputList.get(i), chooseCount - 1, resultList);
// Finally print once all combinations are done
if (prefix.equalsIgnoreCase("")) {
resultList.stream().map(str -> str.substring(1)).forEach(System.out::println);
}
}
}
public static void permNcK(List<String> inputList, int chooseCount, List<String> resultList) {
for (int count = 0; count < inputList.size(); count++) {
permNcK(inputList, "", chooseCount, resultList);
resultList = new ArrayList<String>();
Collections.rotate(inputList, 1);
System.out.println("-------------------------");
}
}
public static void permNcK(List<String> inputList, String prefix, int chooseCount, List<String> resultList) {
if (chooseCount == 0)
resultList.add(prefix);
else {
for (int i = 0; i < inputList.size(); i++)
combinationNcK(inputList.subList(i + 1, inputList.size()), prefix + "," + inputList.get(i), chooseCount - 1, resultList);
// Finally print once all combinations are done
if (prefix.equalsIgnoreCase("")) {
resultList.stream().map(str -> str.substring(1)).forEach(System.out::println);
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String> positions = Arrays.asList(new String[] { "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8" });
List<String> resultList = new ArrayList<String>();
//combinationNcK(positions, "", 3, resultList);
permNcK(positions, 3, resultList);
}
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