Java中一个非常基本的解决方案是使用递归+设置(以避免重复)，如果你想存储和返回解决方案字符串:

public static Set<String> generatePerm(String input)
{
    Set<String> set = new HashSet<String>();
    if (input == "")
        return set;

    Character a = input.charAt(0);

    if (input.length() > 1)
    {
        input = input.substring(1);

        Set<String> permSet = generatePerm(input);

        for (String x : permSet)
        {
            for (int i = 0; i <= x.length(); i++)
            {
                set.add(x.substring(0, i) + a + x.substring(i));
            }
        }
    }
    else
    {
        set.add(a + "");
    }
    return set;
}

如果有人想要生成排列来做一些事情，而不是通过void方法打印它们:

static List<int[]> permutations(int n) {

    class Perm {
        private final List<int[]> permutations = new ArrayList<>();

        private void perm(int[] array, int step) {
            if (step == 1) permutations.add(array.clone());
            else for (int i = 0; i < step; i++) {
                perm(array, step - 1);
                int j = (step % 2 == 0) ? i : 0;
                swap(array, step - 1, j);
            }
        }

        private void swap(int[] array, int i, int j) {
            int buffer = array[i];
            array[i] = array[j];
            array[j] = buffer;
        }

    }

    int[] nVector  = new int[n];
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) nVector [i] = i;

    Perm perm = new Perm();
    perm.perm(nVector, n);
    return perm.permutations;

}

//Rotate and create words beginning with all letter possible and push to stack 1

//Read from stack1 and for each word create words with other letters at the next location by rotation and so on 

/*  eg : man

    1. push1 - man, anm, nma
    2. pop1 - nma ,  push2 - nam,nma
       pop1 - anm ,  push2 - amn,anm
       pop1 - man ,  push2 - mna,man
*/

public class StringPermute {

    static String str;
    static String word;
    static int top1 = -1;
    static int top2 = -1;
    static String[] stringArray1;
    static String[] stringArray2;
    static int strlength = 0;

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        System.out.println("Enter String : ");
        InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(System.in);
        BufferedReader bfr = new BufferedReader(isr);
        str = bfr.readLine();
        word = str;
        strlength = str.length();
        int n = 1;
        for (int i = 1; i <= strlength; i++) {
            n = n * i;
        }
        stringArray1 = new String[n];
        stringArray2 = new String[n];
        push(word, 1);
        doPermute();
        display();
    }

    public static void push(String word, int x) {
        if (x == 1)
            stringArray1[++top1] = word;
        else
            stringArray2[++top2] = word;
    }

    public static String pop(int x) {
        if (x == 1)
            return stringArray1[top1--];
        else
            return stringArray2[top2--];
    }

    public static void doPermute() {

        for (int j = strlength; j >= 2; j--)
            popper(j);

    }

    public static void popper(int length) {
        // pop from stack1 , rotate each word n times and push to stack 2
        if (top1 > -1) {
            while (top1 > -1) {
                word = pop(1);
                for (int j = 0; j < length; j++) {
                    rotate(length);
                    push(word, 2);
                }
            }
        }
        // pop from stack2 , rotate each word n times w.r.t position and push to
        // stack 1
        else {
            while (top2 > -1) {
                word = pop(2);
                for (int j = 0; j < length; j++) {
                    rotate(length);
                    push(word, 1);
                }
            }
        }

    }

    public static void rotate(int position) {
        char[] charstring = new char[100];
        for (int j = 0; j < word.length(); j++)
            charstring[j] = word.charAt(j);

        int startpos = strlength - position;
        char temp = charstring[startpos];
        for (int i = startpos; i < strlength - 1; i++) {
            charstring[i] = charstring[i + 1];
        }
        charstring[strlength - 1] = temp;
        word = new String(charstring).trim();
    }

    public static void display() {
        int top;
        if (top1 > -1) {
            while (top1 > -1)
                System.out.println(stringArray1[top1--]);
        } else {
            while (top2 > -1)
                System.out.println(stringArray2[top2--]);
        }
    }
}

这是一个C解:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <stdlib.h>


char* addLetter(char* string, char *c) {
    char* result = malloc(sizeof(string) + 2);
    strcpy(result, string);
    strncat(result, c, 1);
    return result;
}

char* removeLetter(char* string, char *c) {
    char* result = malloc(sizeof(string));
    int j = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < strlen(string); i++) {
        if (string[i] != *c) {
            result[j++] = string[i];
        }
    }
    result[j] = '\0';

    return result;
}

void makeAnagram(char *anagram, char *letters) {

    if (*letters == '\0') {
        printf("%s\n", anagram);
        return;
    }

    char *c = letters;
    while (*c != '\0') {
        makeAnagram(addLetter(anagram, c),
                    removeLetter(letters, c));
        c++;
    }

}

int main() {

    makeAnagram("", "computer");

    return 0;
}

让我试着用Kotlin来解决这个问题:

fun <T> List<T>.permutations(): List<List<T>> {
    //escape case
    if (this.isEmpty()) return emptyList()

    if (this.size == 1) return listOf(this)

    if (this.size == 2) return listOf(listOf(this.first(), this.last()), listOf(this.last(), this.first()))

    //recursive case
    return this.flatMap { lastItem ->
        this.minus(lastItem).permutations().map { it.plus(lastItem) }
    }
}

核心概念:将长链表分解成小链表+递归

长答案与示例列表[1,2,3,4]:

即使是一个4种组合的列表，在脑海中列出所有可能的排列已经有点令人困惑了，我们需要做的就是避免这种情况。我们很容易理解如何对大小为0、1和2的列表进行排列，因此我们所需要做的就是将它们分解为这些大小中的任何一个，并将它们正确地组合起来。想象一台头奖机器:这个算法将从右向左旋转，然后写下

当列表大小为0或1时，返回空/列表为1 当列表大小为2时处理(例如[3,4])，并生成2个排列([3,4]& [4,3]) 对于每一项，将其标记为最后一项中的最后一项，并找到列表中其余项目的所有排列。(例如，把[4]放在桌子上，把[1,2,3]重新排列) 现在对它的子元素进行所有的排列，把它自己放回列表的末尾(例如:[1,2,3][，4]，[1,3,2][，4]，[2,3,1][，4]，…)

一个java实现打印给定字符串的所有排列，考虑重复字符，只打印唯一字符，如下所示:

import java.util.Set;
import java.util.HashSet;

public class PrintAllPermutations2
{
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        String str = "AAC";

    PrintAllPermutations2 permutation = new PrintAllPermutations2();

    Set<String> uniqueStrings = new HashSet<>();

    permutation.permute("", str, uniqueStrings);
}

void permute(String prefixString, String s, Set<String> set)
{
    int n = s.length();

    if(n == 0)
    {
        if(!set.contains(prefixString))
        {
            System.out.println(prefixString);
            set.add(prefixString);
        }
    }
    else
    {
        for(int i=0; i<n; i++)
        {
            permute(prefixString + s.charAt(i), s.substring(0,i) + s.substring(i+1,n), set);
        }
    }
}
}