找出弦的所有排列的优雅方法是什么。例如,ba的排列,将是ba和ab,但更长的字符串,如abcdefgh?是否有Java实现示例?
当前回答
其中一个简单的解决方案是使用两个指针继续递归地交换字符。
public static void main(String[] args)
{
String str="abcdefgh";
perm(str);
}
public static void perm(String str)
{ char[] char_arr=str.toCharArray();
helper(char_arr,0);
}
public static void helper(char[] char_arr, int i)
{
if(i==char_arr.length-1)
{
// print the shuffled string
String str="";
for(int j=0; j<char_arr.length; j++)
{
str=str+char_arr[j];
}
System.out.println(str);
}
else
{
for(int j=i; j<char_arr.length; j++)
{
char tmp = char_arr[i];
char_arr[i] = char_arr[j];
char_arr[j] = tmp;
helper(char_arr,i+1);
char tmp1 = char_arr[i];
char_arr[i] = char_arr[j];
char_arr[j] = tmp1;
}
}
}
其他回答
我们可以用阶乘来计算有多少字符串以某个字母开头。
示例:取输入abcd。(3!) == 6个字符串将以abcd中的每个字母开头。
static public int facts(int x){
int sum = 1;
for (int i = 1; i < x; i++) {
sum *= (i+1);
}
return sum;
}
public static void permutation(String str) {
char[] str2 = str.toCharArray();
int n = str2.length;
int permutation = 0;
if (n == 1) {
System.out.println(str2[0]);
} else if (n == 2) {
System.out.println(str2[0] + "" + str2[1]);
System.out.println(str2[1] + "" + str2[0]);
} else {
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
if (true) {
char[] str3 = str.toCharArray();
char temp = str3[i];
str3[i] = str3[0];
str3[0] = temp;
str2 = str3;
}
for (int j = 1, count = 0; count < facts(n-1); j++, count++) {
if (j != n-1) {
char temp1 = str2[j+1];
str2[j+1] = str2[j];
str2[j] = temp1;
} else {
char temp1 = str2[n-1];
str2[n-1] = str2[1];
str2[1] = temp1;
j = 1;
} // end of else block
permutation++;
System.out.print("permutation " + permutation + " is -> ");
for (int k = 0; k < n; k++) {
System.out.print(str2[k]);
} // end of loop k
System.out.println();
} // end of loop j
} // end of loop i
}
}
其中一个简单的解决方案是使用两个指针继续递归地交换字符。
public static void main(String[] args)
{
String str="abcdefgh";
perm(str);
}
public static void perm(String str)
{ char[] char_arr=str.toCharArray();
helper(char_arr,0);
}
public static void helper(char[] char_arr, int i)
{
if(i==char_arr.length-1)
{
// print the shuffled string
String str="";
for(int j=0; j<char_arr.length; j++)
{
str=str+char_arr[j];
}
System.out.println(str);
}
else
{
for(int j=i; j<char_arr.length; j++)
{
char tmp = char_arr[i];
char_arr[i] = char_arr[j];
char_arr[j] = tmp;
helper(char_arr,i+1);
char tmp1 = char_arr[i];
char_arr[i] = char_arr[j];
char_arr[j] = tmp1;
}
}
}
让我们以输入abc为例。
从集合(["c"])中的最后一个元素(c)开始,然后将最后第二个元素(b)添加到它的前面,末尾和中间的每个可能位置,使其["bc", "cb"],然后以同样的方式将后面的下一个元素(a)添加到集合中的每个字符串中,使其:
"a" + "bc" = ["abc", "bac", "bca"] and "a" + "cb" = ["acb" ,"cab", "cba"]
因此整个排列:
["abc", "bac", "bca","acb" ,"cab", "cba"]
代码:
public class Test
{
static Set<String> permutations;
static Set<String> result = new HashSet<String>();
public static Set<String> permutation(String string) {
permutations = new HashSet<String>();
int n = string.length();
for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--)
{
shuffle(string.charAt(i));
}
return permutations;
}
private static void shuffle(char c) {
if (permutations.size() == 0) {
permutations.add(String.valueOf(c));
} else {
Iterator<String> it = permutations.iterator();
for (int i = 0; i < permutations.size(); i++) {
String temp1;
for (; it.hasNext();) {
temp1 = it.next();
for (int k = 0; k < temp1.length() + 1; k += 1) {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(temp1);
sb.insert(k, c);
result.add(sb.toString());
}
}
}
permutations = result;
//'result' has to be refreshed so that in next run it doesn't contain stale values.
result = new HashSet<String>();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Set<String> result = permutation("abc");
System.out.println("\nThere are total of " + result.size() + " permutations:");
Iterator<String> it = result.iterator();
while (it.hasNext()) {
System.out.println(it.next());
}
}
}
Java中一个非常基本的解决方案是使用递归+设置(以避免重复),如果你想存储和返回解决方案字符串:
public static Set<String> generatePerm(String input)
{
Set<String> set = new HashSet<String>();
if (input == "")
return set;
Character a = input.charAt(0);
if (input.length() > 1)
{
input = input.substring(1);
Set<String> permSet = generatePerm(input);
for (String x : permSet)
{
for (int i = 0; i <= x.length(); i++)
{
set.add(x.substring(0, i) + a + x.substring(i));
}
}
}
else
{
set.add(a + "");
}
return set;
}
//循环'整个字符数组,并保持'i'作为你的排列的基础,并像你交换[ab, ba]一样继续寻找组合
public class Permutation {
//Act as a queue
private List<Character> list;
//To remove the duplicates
private Set<String> set = new HashSet<String>();
public Permutation(String s) {
list = new LinkedList<Character>();
int len = s.length();
for(int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
list.add(s.charAt(i));
}
}
public List<String> getStack(Character c, List<Character> list) {
LinkedList<String> stack = new LinkedList<String>();
stack.add(""+c);
for(Character ch: list) {
stack.add(""+ch);
}
return stack;
}
public String printCombination(String s1, String s2) {
//S1 will be a single character
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
String[] strArr = s2.split(",");
for(String s: strArr) {
sb.append(s).append(s1);
sb.append(",");
}
for(String s: strArr) {
sb.append(s1).append(s);
sb.append(",");
}
return sb.toString();
}
public void printPerumtation() {
int cnt = list.size();
for(int i = 0; i < cnt; i++) {
Character c = list.get(0);
list.remove(0);
List<String> stack = getStack(c, list);
while(stack.size() > 1) {
//Remove the top two elements
String s2 = stack.remove(stack.size() - 1);
String s1 = stack.remove(stack.size() - 1);
String comS = printCombination(s1, s2);
stack.add(comS);
}
String[] perms = (stack.remove(0)).split(",");
for(String perm: perms) {
set.add(perm);
}
list.add(c);
}
for(String s: set) {
System.out.println(s);
}
}
}
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