你可以这样做

df['column'] = None #This works. This will create a new column with None type
df.column = None #This will work only when the column is already present in the dataframe 

df["C"] = ""
df["D"] = np.nan

赋值会给你这个警告SettingWithCopyWarning:

一个值正试图从数据帧(DataFrame)中设置一个片的副本。试一试 使用.loc[row_indexer,col_indexer] = value代替

所以最好使用insert:

df.insert(index, column-name, column-value)

如果你有一个列列表，你想要为空，你可以使用赋值，然后理解字典，然后字典解包。

>>> df = pd.DataFrame({"A": [1,2,3], "B": [2,3,4]})
>>> nan_cols_name = ["C","D","whatever"]
>>> df.assign(**{col:np.nan for col in nan_cols_name})

   A  B   C   D  whatever
0  1  2 NaN NaN       NaN
1  2  3 NaN NaN       NaN
2  3  4 NaN NaN       NaN

如果希望不同列有不同的值，还可以在解包的字典中解包多个字典。

df = pd.DataFrame({"A": [1,2,3], "B": [2,3,4]})
nan_cols_name = ["C","D","whatever"]
empty_string_cols_name = ["E","F","bad column with space"]
df.assign(**{
    **{col:np.nan for col in my_empy_columns_name}, 
    **{col:"" for col in empty_string_cols_name}
            }
         )

@emunsing的回答非常酷，可以添加多列，但我在python 2.7中无法让它为我工作。相反，我发现这个方法很有效:

mydf = mydf.reindex(columns = np.append( mydf.columns.values, ['newcol1','newcol2'])

如果您想从列表中添加列名

df=pd.DataFrame()
a=['col1','col2','col3','col4']
for i in a:
    df[i]=np.nan

如果我理解正确，assignment应该填写:

>>> import numpy as np
>>> import pandas as pd
>>> df = pd.DataFrame({"A": [1,2,3], "B": [2,3,4]})
>>> df
   A  B
0  1  2
1  2  3
2  3  4
>>> df["C"] = ""
>>> df["D"] = np.nan
>>> df
   A  B C   D
0  1  2   NaN
1  2  3   NaN
2  3  4   NaN