下面的作品列出了当前目录下的所有*.txt文件，除了以数字开头的文件。

这适用于bash, dash, zsh和所有其他POSIX兼容的shell。

for FILE in /some/dir/*.txt; do    # for each *.txt file
    case "${FILE##*/}" in          #   if file basename...
        [0-9]*) continue ;;        #   starts with digit: skip
    esac
    ## otherwise, do stuff with $FILE here
done

In line one the pattern /some/dir/*.txt will cause the for loop to iterate over all files in /some/dir whose name end with .txt. In line two a case statement is used to weed out undesired files. – The ${FILE##*/} expression strips off any leading dir name component from the filename (here /some/dir/) so that patters can match against only the basename of the file. (If you're only weeding out filenames based on suffixes, you can shorten this to $FILE instead.) In line three, all files matching the case pattern [0-9]*) line will be skipped (the continue statement jumps to the next iteration of the for loop). – If you want to you can do something more interesting here, e.g. like skipping all files which do not start with a letter (a–z) using [!a-z]*, or you could use multiple patterns to skip several kinds of filenames e.g. [0-9]*|*.bak to skip files both .bak files, and files which does not start with a number.

在bash中，shopt -s extglob的替代方法是GLOBIGNORE变量。它并不是更好，但我发现它更容易记住。

下面的例子可能就是最初的海报想要的:

GLOBIGNORE="*techno*"; cp *Music* /only_good_music/

完成后，取消设置GLOBIGNORE，以便能够在源目录中rm *techno*。

在Bash中，您可以通过启用extglob选项来做到这一点，就像这样(当然，将ls替换为cp并添加目标目录)

~/foobar> shopt extglob
extglob        off
~/foobar> ls
abar  afoo  bbar  bfoo
~/foobar> ls !(b*)
-bash: !: event not found
~/foobar> shopt -s extglob  # Enables extglob
~/foobar> ls !(b*)
abar  afoo
~/foobar> ls !(a*)
bbar  bfoo
~/foobar> ls !(*foo)
abar  bbar

您可以稍后禁用extglob

shopt -u extglob

如果您想避免使用exec命令的mem成本，我相信您可以使用xargs做得更好。我认为以下是一个更有效的替代

find foo -type f ! -name '*Music*' -exec cp {} bar \; # new proc for each exec



find . -maxdepth 1 -name '*Music*' -prune -o -print0 | xargs -0 -i cp {} dest/

find可以找到一个解决方案。

$ mkdir foo bar
$ touch foo/a.txt foo/Music.txt
$ find foo -type f ! -name '*Music*' -exec cp {} bar \;
$ ls bar
a.txt

Find有相当多的选项，你可以非常具体地包括和排除什么。

编辑:Adam在评论中指出，这是递归的。查找选项mindepth和maxdepth可以用来控制这个。

你也可以使用一个非常简单的for循环:

for f in `find . -not -name "*Music*"`
do
    cp $f /target/dir
done