考虑到:
DateTime.UtcNow
我如何获得一个字符串，它表示在ISO 8601兼容的格式相同的值?
请注意，ISO 8601定义了许多类似的格式。我想要的具体格式是:
yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ssZ
当前回答
你可以用下面的代码得到“Z”(ISO 8601 UTC):
Dim tmpDate As DateTime = New DateTime(Now.Ticks, DateTimeKind.Utc)
Dim res as String = tmpDate.toString("o") '2009-06-15T13:45:30.0000000Z
原因如下:
ISO 8601有一些不同的格式:
DateTimeKind。当地的
2009-06-15T13:45:30.0000000-07:00
DateTimeKind。Utc
2009-06-15T13:45:30.0000000Z
DateTimeKind。未指明的
2009-06-15T13:45:30.0000000
.NET为我们提供了一个包含这些选项的枚举:
'2009-06-15T13:45:30.0000000-07:00
Dim strTmp1 As String = New DateTime(Now.Ticks, DateTimeKind.Local).ToString("o")
'2009-06-15T13:45:30.0000000Z
Dim strTmp2 As String = New DateTime(Now.Ticks, DateTimeKind.Utc).ToString("o")
'2009-06-15T13:45:30.0000000
Dim strTmp3 As String = New DateTime(Now.Ticks, DateTimeKind.Unspecified).ToString("o")
注意:如果你将Visual Studio 2008的“watch utility”应用到toString(“o”)部分，你可能会得到不同的结果，我不知道这是否是一个bug，但在这种情况下，如果你正在调试，使用String变量会得到更好的结果。
来源:标准日期和时间格式字符串(MSDN)
其他回答
你可以用下面的代码得到“Z”(ISO 8601 UTC):
Dim tmpDate As DateTime = New DateTime(Now.Ticks, DateTimeKind.Utc)
Dim res as String = tmpDate.toString("o") '2009-06-15T13:45:30.0000000Z
原因如下:
ISO 8601有一些不同的格式:
DateTimeKind。当地的
2009-06-15T13:45:30.0000000-07:00
DateTimeKind。Utc
2009-06-15T13:45:30.0000000Z
DateTimeKind。未指明的
2009-06-15T13:45:30.0000000
.NET为我们提供了一个包含这些选项的枚举:
'2009-06-15T13:45:30.0000000-07:00
Dim strTmp1 As String = New DateTime(Now.Ticks, DateTimeKind.Local).ToString("o")
'2009-06-15T13:45:30.0000000Z
Dim strTmp2 As String = New DateTime(Now.Ticks, DateTimeKind.Utc).ToString("o")
'2009-06-15T13:45:30.0000000
Dim strTmp3 As String = New DateTime(Now.Ticks, DateTimeKind.Unspecified).ToString("o")
注意:如果你将Visual Studio 2008的“watch utility”应用到toString(“o”)部分，你可能会得到不同的结果，我不知道这是否是一个bug，但在这种情况下，如果你正在调试，使用String变量会得到更好的结果。
来源:标准日期和时间格式字符串(MSDN)
如果你在SharePoint 2010或更高版本下开发，你可以使用
using Microsoft.SharePoint;
using Microsoft.SharePoint.Utilities;
...
string strISODate = SPUtility.CreateISO8601DateTimeFromSystemDateTime(DateTime.Now)
DateTime.UtcNow.ToString("s")
返回类似2008-04-10T06:30:00的内容
UtcNow显然返回UTC时间，所以在以下情况下没有伤害:
string.Concat(DateTime.UtcNow.ToString("s"), "Z")
有趣的是，自定义格式“yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ssK”(不带ms)是最快的格式方法。
而且有趣的是，“S”格式在经典上很慢，在核心上很快……
当然，数字是非常接近的，在一些行之间的差异是不重要的(带有后缀_Verify的测试与没有后缀_Verify的测试相同，演示了结果的可重复性)
BenchmarkDotNet=v0.10.5, OS=Windows 10.0.14393
Processor=Intel Core i5-2500K CPU 3.30GHz (Sandy Bridge), ProcessorCount=4
Frequency=3233539 Hz, Resolution=309.2587 ns, Timer=TSC
[Host] : Clr 4.0.30319.42000, 64bit RyuJIT-v4.6.1637.0
Clr : Clr 4.0.30319.42000, 64bit RyuJIT-v4.6.1637.0
Core : .NET Core 4.6.25009.03, 64bit RyuJIT
Method | Job | Runtime | Mean | Error | StdDev | Median | Min | Max | Rank | Gen 0 | Allocated |
--------------------- |----- |-------- |-----------:|----------:|----------:|-----------:|-----------:|-----------:|-----:|-------:|----------:|
CustomDev1 | Clr | Clr | 1,089.0 ns | 22.179 ns | 20.746 ns | 1,079.9 ns | 1,068.9 ns | 1,133.2 ns | 8 | 0.1086 | 424 B |
CustomDev2 | Clr | Clr | 1,032.3 ns | 19.897 ns | 21.289 ns | 1,024.7 ns | 1,000.3 ns | 1,072.0 ns | 7 | 0.1165 | 424 B |
CustomDev2WithMS | Clr | Clr | 1,168.2 ns | 16.543 ns | 15.474 ns | 1,168.5 ns | 1,149.3 ns | 1,189.2 ns | 10 | 0.1625 | 592 B |
FormatO | Clr | Clr | 1,563.7 ns | 31.244 ns | 54.721 ns | 1,532.5 ns | 1,497.8 ns | 1,703.5 ns | 14 | 0.2897 | 976 B |
FormatS | Clr | Clr | 1,243.5 ns | 24.615 ns | 31.130 ns | 1,229.3 ns | 1,200.6 ns | 1,324.2 ns | 13 | 0.2865 | 984 B |
FormatS_Verify | Clr | Clr | 1,217.6 ns | 11.486 ns | 10.744 ns | 1,216.2 ns | 1,205.5 ns | 1,244.3 ns | 12 | 0.2885 | 984 B |
CustomFormatK | Clr | Clr | 912.2 ns | 17.915 ns | 18.398 ns | 916.6 ns | 878.3 ns | 934.1 ns | 4 | 0.0629 | 240 B |
CustomFormatK_Verify | Clr | Clr | 894.0 ns | 3.877 ns | 3.626 ns | 893.8 ns | 885.1 ns | 900.0 ns | 3 | 0.0636 | 240 B |
CustomDev1 | Core | Core | 989.1 ns | 12.550 ns | 11.739 ns | 983.8 ns | 976.8 ns | 1,015.5 ns | 6 | 0.1101 | 423 B |
CustomDev2 | Core | Core | 964.3 ns | 18.826 ns | 23.809 ns | 954.1 ns | 935.5 ns | 1,015.6 ns | 5 | 0.1267 | 423 B |
CustomDev2WithMS | Core | Core | 1,136.0 ns | 21.914 ns | 27.714 ns | 1,138.1 ns | 1,099.9 ns | 1,200.2 ns | 9 | 0.1752 | 590 B |
FormatO | Core | Core | 1,201.5 ns | 16.262 ns | 15.211 ns | 1,202.3 ns | 1,178.2 ns | 1,225.5 ns | 11 | 0.0656 | 271 B |
FormatS | Core | Core | 993.5 ns | 19.272 ns | 24.372 ns | 999.4 ns | 954.2 ns | 1,029.5 ns | 6 | 0.0633 | 279 B |
FormatS_Verify | Core | Core | 1,003.1 ns | 17.577 ns | 16.442 ns | 1,009.2 ns | 976.1 ns | 1,024.3 ns | 6 | 0.0674 | 279 B |
CustomFormatK | Core | Core | 878.2 ns | 17.017 ns | 20.898 ns | 877.7 ns | 851.4 ns | 928.1 ns | 2 | 0.0555 | 215 B |
CustomFormatK_Verify | Core | Core | 863.6 ns | 3.968 ns | 3.712 ns | 863.0 ns | 858.6 ns | 870.8 ns | 1 | 0.0550 | 215 B |
代码:
public class BenchmarkDateTimeFormat
{
public static DateTime dateTime = DateTime.Now;
[Benchmark]
public string CustomDev1()
{
var d = dateTime.ToUniversalTime();
var sb = new StringBuilder(20);
sb.Append(d.Year).Append("-");
if (d.Month <= 9)
sb.Append("0");
sb.Append(d.Month).Append("-");
if (d.Day <= 9)
sb.Append("0");
sb.Append(d.Day).Append("T");
if (d.Hour <= 9)
sb.Append("0");
sb.Append(d.Hour).Append(":");
if (d.Minute <= 9)
sb.Append("0");
sb.Append(d.Minute).Append(":");
if (d.Second <= 9)
sb.Append("0");
sb.Append(d.Second).Append("Z");
var text = sb.ToString();
return text;
}
[Benchmark]
public string CustomDev2()
{
var u = dateTime.ToUniversalTime();
var sb = new StringBuilder(20);
var y = u.Year;
var d = u.Day;
var M = u.Month;
var h = u.Hour;
var m = u.Minute;
var s = u.Second;
sb.Append(y).Append("-");
if (M <= 9)
sb.Append("0");
sb.Append(M).Append("-");
if (d <= 9)
sb.Append("0");
sb.Append(d).Append("T");
if (h <= 9)
sb.Append("0");
sb.Append(h).Append(":");
if (m <= 9)
sb.Append("0");
sb.Append(m).Append(":");
if (s <= 9)
sb.Append("0");
sb.Append(s).Append("Z");
var text = sb.ToString();
return text;
}
[Benchmark]
public string CustomDev2WithMS()
{
var u = dateTime.ToUniversalTime();
var sb = new StringBuilder(23);
var y = u.Year;
var d = u.Day;
var M = u.Month;
var h = u.Hour;
var m = u.Minute;
var s = u.Second;
var ms = u.Millisecond;
sb.Append(y).Append("-");
if (M <= 9)
sb.Append("0");
sb.Append(M).Append("-");
if (d <= 9)
sb.Append("0");
sb.Append(d).Append("T");
if (h <= 9)
sb.Append("0");
sb.Append(h).Append(":");
if (m <= 9)
sb.Append("0");
sb.Append(m).Append(":");
if (s <= 9)
sb.Append("0");
sb.Append(s).Append(".");
sb.Append(ms).Append("Z");
var text = sb.ToString();
return text;
}
[Benchmark]
public string FormatO()
{
var text = dateTime.ToUniversalTime().ToString("o");
return text;
}
[Benchmark]
public string FormatS()
{
var text = string.Concat(dateTime.ToUniversalTime().ToString("s"),"Z");
return text;
}
[Benchmark]
public string FormatS_Verify()
{
var text = string.Concat(dateTime.ToUniversalTime().ToString("s"), "Z");
return text;
}
[Benchmark]
public string CustomFormatK()
{
var text = dateTime.ToUniversalTime().ToString("yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ssK");
return text;
}
[Benchmark]
public string CustomFormatK_Verify()
{
var text = dateTime.ToUniversalTime().ToString("yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ssK");
return text;
}
}
使用https://github.com/dotnet/BenchmarkDotNet
惊讶于没有人提出这个建议:
System.DateTime.UtcNow.ToString("u").Replace(' ','T')
# Using PowerShell Core to demo
# Lowercase "u" format
[System.DateTime]::UtcNow.ToString("u")
> 2020-02-06 01:00:32Z
# Lowercase "u" format with replacement
[System.DateTime]::UtcNow.ToString("u").Replace(' ','T')
> 2020-02-06T01:00:32Z
UniversalSortableDateTimePattern几乎可以让你得到你想要的(这更像是一个RFC 3339表示)。
补充道: 我决定使用answer https://stackoverflow.com/a/43793679/653058中的基准测试来比较其性能。
tl:博士;这是最昂贵的，但在我的破旧笔记本电脑上仍然只有650纳秒多一点:-)
实现:
[Benchmark]
public string ReplaceU()
{
var text = dateTime.ToUniversalTime().ToString("u").Replace(' ', 'T');
return text;
}
结果:
// * Summary *
BenchmarkDotNet=v0.11.5, OS=Windows 10.0.19002
Intel Xeon CPU E3-1245 v3 3.40GHz, 1 CPU, 8 logical and 4 physical cores
.NET Core SDK=3.0.100
[Host] : .NET Core 3.0.0 (CoreCLR 4.700.19.46205, CoreFX 4.700.19.46214), 64bit RyuJIT
DefaultJob : .NET Core 3.0.0 (CoreCLR 4.700.19.46205, CoreFX 4.700.19.46214), 64bit RyuJIT
| Method | Mean | Error | StdDev |
|--------------------- |---------:|----------:|----------:|
| CustomDev1 | 562.4 ns | 11.135 ns | 10.936 ns |
| CustomDev2 | 525.3 ns | 3.322 ns | 3.107 ns |
| CustomDev2WithMS | 609.9 ns | 9.427 ns | 8.356 ns |
| FormatO | 356.6 ns | 6.008 ns | 5.620 ns |
| FormatS | 589.3 ns | 7.012 ns | 6.216 ns |
| FormatS_Verify | 599.8 ns | 12.054 ns | 11.275 ns |
| CustomFormatK | 549.3 ns | 4.911 ns | 4.594 ns |
| CustomFormatK_Verify | 539.9 ns | 2.917 ns | 2.436 ns |
| ReplaceU | 615.5 ns | 12.313 ns | 11.517 ns |
// * Hints *
Outliers
BenchmarkDateTimeFormat.CustomDev2WithMS: Default -> 1 outlier was removed (668.16 ns)
BenchmarkDateTimeFormat.FormatS: Default -> 1 outlier was removed (621.28 ns)
BenchmarkDateTimeFormat.CustomFormatK: Default -> 1 outlier was detected (542.55 ns)
BenchmarkDateTimeFormat.CustomFormatK_Verify: Default -> 2 outliers were removed (557.07 ns, 560.95 ns)
// * Legends *
Mean : Arithmetic mean of all measurements
Error : Half of 99.9% confidence interval
StdDev : Standard deviation of all measurements
1 ns : 1 Nanosecond (0.000000001 sec)
// ***** BenchmarkRunner: End *****
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