我把这两个答案结合起来:https://stackoverflow.com/a/9524878/86967和https://stackoverflow.com/a/7390874/86967 并做了一些转义，以便可以从makefile中使用。

.PHONY: no_targets__ list
no_targets__:
list:
    sh -c "$(MAKE) -p no_targets__ | awk -F':' '/^[a-zA-Z0-9][^\$$#\/\\t=]*:([^=]|$$)/ {split(\$$1,A,/ /);for(i in A)print A[i]}' | grep -v '__\$$' | sort"

.

$ make -s list
build
clean
default
distclean
doc
fresh
install
list
makefile ## this is kind of extraneous, but whatever...
run

不知道之前的答案为什么这么复杂:

list:
    cat Makefile | grep "^[A-z]" | awk '{print $$1}' | sed "s/://g" 

如果为make安装了bash补全，补全脚本将定义一个函数_make_target_extract_script。该函数用于创建一个sed脚本，该脚本可用于以列表的形式获取目标。

像这样使用它:

# Make sure bash completion is enabled
source /etc/bash_completion 

# List targets from Makefile
sed -nrf <(_make_target_extract_script --) Makefile

Bash脚本

这里有一个非常简单的方法在bash中做到这一点——基于@cibercitizen1上面的评论:

grep : Makefile | awk -F: '/^[^.]/ {print $1;}'

参见@Marc更权威的回答。还有2377，它说明了make的Bash完成模块是如何完成的。

对于讨厌AWK的人来说，为了简单起见，这个精巧的设计适合我:

help:
  make -qpRr $(lastword $(MAKEFILE_LIST)) | egrep -v '(^(\.|:|#|\s|$)|=)' | cut -d: -f1

(对于在Makefile外部使用，只需删除$(最后一个词…)或将其替换为Makefile路径)。

This solution will not work if you have "interesting" rule names but will work well for most simple setups. The main downside of a make -qp based solution is (as in other answers here) that if the Makefile defines variable values using functions - they will still be executed regardless of -q, and if using $(shell ...) then the shell command will still be called and its side effects will happen. In my setup often the side effects of running shell functions is unwanted output to standard error, so I add 2>/dev/null after the make command.

我把上面提到的几个答案编译成这个，它也可以为每个目标生成一个很好的描述，它也适用于有变量的目标。

Makefile示例:

APPS?=app1 app2

bin: $(APPS:%=%.bin)
    @# Help: A composite target that relies only on other targets

$(APPS:%=%.bin): %.bin:
    @# Help: A target with variable name, value = $*

test:
    @# Help: A normal target without variables

# A target without any help description
clean:

# A hidden target
.hidden:

help:
    @printf "%-20s %s\n" "Target" "Description"
    @printf "%-20s %s\n" "------" "-----------"
    @make -pqR : 2>/dev/null \
        | awk -v RS= -F: '/^# File/,/^# Finished Make data base/ {if ($$1 !~ "^[#.]") {print $$1}}' \
        | sort \
        | egrep -v -e '^[^[:alnum:]]' -e '^$@$$' \
        | xargs -I _ sh -c 'printf "%-20s " _; make _ -nB | (grep -i "^# Help:" || echo "") | tail -1 | sed "s/^# Help: //g"'

示例输出:

$ make help
Target               Description
------               -----------
app1.bin             A target with variable name, value = app1
app2.bin             A target with variable name, value = app2
bin                  A composite target that relies only on other targets
clean
test                 A normal target without variables

它是如何工作的:

make help目标的顶部部分与mklement0在这里发布的工作完全相同——如何在makefile中获得目标列表?

在获得目标列表之后，它运行make <target> -nB作为每个目标的演练，并解析以@# Help:开头的最后一行，用于目标的描述。或者一个空字符串被打印在一个格式化好的表格中。

正如你所看到的，变量甚至在描述中进行了扩展，这在我的书中是一个巨大的奖励:)。