了解汇编程序的原因之一是，有时可以使用汇编程序来编写比用高级语言(特别是C语言)编写的代码性能更好的代码。然而，我也听人说过很多次，尽管这并非完全错误，但实际上可以使用汇编程序来生成性能更好的代码的情况极其罕见，并且需要汇编方面的专业知识和经验。
这个问题甚至没有涉及到这样一个事实，即汇编程序指令将是特定于机器的、不可移植的，或者汇编程序的任何其他方面。当然，除了这一点之外，了解汇编还有很多很好的理由，但这是一个需要示例和数据的具体问题，而不是关于汇编程序与高级语言的扩展论述。
谁能提供一些具体的例子，说明使用现代编译器汇编代码比编写良好的C代码更快，并且您能否用分析证据支持这一说法?我相信这些案例确实存在，但我真的很想知道这些案例到底有多深奥，因为这似乎是一个有争议的问题。
当前回答
The question is a bit misleading. The answer is there in your post itself. It is always possible to write assembly solution for a particular problem which executes faster than any generated by a compiler. The thing is you need to be an expert in assembly to overcome the limitations of a compiler. An experienced assembly programmer can write programs in any HLL which performs faster than one written by an inexperienced. The truth is you can always write assembly programs executing faster than one generated by a compiler.
其他回答
只有在使用编译器不支持的特殊用途指令集时。
为了最大限度地利用具有多个管道和预测分支的现代CPU的计算能力，您需要以这样一种方式来构造汇编程序:a)人类几乎不可能编写b)甚至更不可能维护。
此外，更好的算法、数据结构和内存管理将为您提供至少一个数量级的性能，而不是在汇编中进行的微观优化。
这很难具体地回答，因为这个问题非常不具体:到底什么是“现代编译器”?
理论上，几乎任何手动的汇编器优化都可以由编译器来完成——实际上它是否已经完成，不能笼统地说，只能说特定编译器的特定版本。许多可能需要花费大量的精力来确定它们是否可以在特定的上下文中应用而不产生副作用，以至于编译器编写者不会为它们烦恼。
我想说的是，当你比编译器更擅长一组给定的指令时。所以我认为没有通用的答案
GCC已经成为广泛使用的编译器。它的优化通常不是很好。比编写汇编程序的普通程序员好得多，但就实际性能而言，并没有那么好。有些编译器产生的代码简直令人难以置信。所以一般来说，有很多地方你可以进入编译器的输出，调整汇编器的性能，和/或简单地从头重写例程。
在我的工作中，有三个原因让我了解和使用组装。按重要性排序:
Debugging - I often get library code that has bugs or incomplete documentation. I figure out what it's doing by stepping in at the assembly level. I have to do this about once a week. I also use it as a tool to debug problems in which my eyes don't spot the idiomatic error in C/C++/C#. Looking at the assembly gets past that. Optimizing - the compiler does fairly well in optimizing, but I play in a different ballpark than most. I write image processing code that usually starts with code that looks like this: for (int y=0; y < imageHeight; y++) { for (int x=0; x < imageWidth; x++) { // do something } } the "do something part" typically happens on the order of several million times (ie, between 3 and 30). By scraping cycles in that "do something" phase, the performance gains are hugely magnified. I don't usually start there - I usually start by writing the code to work first, then do my best to refactor the C to be naturally better (better algorithm, less load in the loop etc). I usually need to read assembly to see what's going on and rarely need to write it. I do this maybe every two or three months. doing something the language won't let me. These include - getting the processor architecture and specific processor features, accessing flags not in the CPU (man, I really wish C gave you access to the carry flag), etc. I do this maybe once a year or two years.
