我真的不知道你说的“本地访问”是什么意思。 但是对于这个解决方案，你需要能够通过ssh访问服务器来复制数据库存储的文件。

我不能使用mysqldump，因为我的数据库很大(7Go, mysqldump失败) 如果2个mysql数据库的版本差异太大，可能无法工作，您可以使用mysql -V检查您的mysql版本。

1)将数据从远程服务器复制到本地计算机(vps是远程服务器的别名，可以用root@1.2.3.4代替)

ssh vps:/etc/init.d/mysql stop
scp -rC vps:/var/lib/mysql/ /tmp/var_lib_mysql
ssh vps:/etc/init.d/apache2 start

2)导入在本地复制的数据

/etc/init.d/mysql stop
sudo chown -R mysql:mysql /tmp/var_lib_mysql
sudo nano /etc/mysql/my.cnf
-> [mysqld]
-> datadir=/tmp/var_lib_mysql
/etc/init.d/mysql start

如果您有不同的版本，则可能需要运行

/etc/init.d/mysql stop
mysql_upgrade -u root -pPASSWORD --force #that step took almost 1hrs
/etc/init.d/mysql start

Mysqldump是个不错的解决方案。复制数据库的最简单方法:

mysqldump -uusername -ppass dbname1 |MySQL -uusername -ppass dbname2

此外，您可以通过以下方式更改存储引擎:

mysqldump -uusername -ppass dbname1 |sed 's/InnoDB/RocksDB/' |MySQL -uusername -ppass dbname2

实际上，我想在PHP中实现这一点，但这里没有一个答案是非常有用的，所以这里是我的-相当直接-使用MySQLi的解决方案:

// Database variables

$DB_HOST = 'localhost';
$DB_USER = 'root';
$DB_PASS = '1234';

$DB_SRC = 'existing_db';
$DB_DST = 'newly_created_db';



// MYSQL Connect

$mysqli = new mysqli( $DB_HOST, $DB_USER, $DB_PASS ) or die( $mysqli->error );



// Create destination database

$mysqli->query( "CREATE DATABASE $DB_DST" ) or die( $mysqli->error );



// Iterate through tables of source database

$tables = $mysqli->query( "SHOW TABLES FROM $DB_SRC" ) or die( $mysqli->error );

while( $table = $tables->fetch_array() ): $TABLE = $table[0];


    // Copy table and contents in destination database

    $mysqli->query( "CREATE TABLE $DB_DST.$TABLE LIKE $DB_SRC.$TABLE" ) or die( $mysqli->error );
    $mysqli->query( "INSERT INTO $DB_DST.$TABLE SELECT * FROM $DB_SRC.$TABLE" ) or die( $mysqli->error );


endwhile;

一个SQL，显示SQL命令，需要运行复制一个数据库从一个数据库到另一个。对于每个表，都有创建表语句和插入语句。它假设两个数据库都在同一台服务器上:

select @fromdb:="crm";
select @todb:="crmen";

SET group_concat_max_len=100000000;


SELECT  GROUP_CONCAT( concat("CREATE TABLE `",@todb,"`.`",table_name,"` LIKE `",@fromdb,"`.`",table_name,"`;\n",
"INSERT INTO `",@todb,"`.`",table_name,"` SELECT * FROM `",@fromdb,"`.`",table_name,"`;") 

SEPARATOR '\n\n')

as sqlstatement
 FROM information_schema.tables where table_schema=@fromdb and TABLE_TYPE='BASE TABLE';

所有先前的解都在这一点上，但是，它们并没有完全复制。我创建了一个PHP函数(尽管有些冗长)，它复制所有内容，包括表、外键、数据、视图、过程、函数、触发器和事件。代码如下:

/* This function takes the database connection, an existing database, and the new database and duplicates everything in the new database. */
function copyDatabase($c, $oldDB, $newDB) {

    // creates the schema if it does not exist
    $schema = "CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS {$newDB};";
    mysqli_query($c, $schema);

    // selects the new schema
    mysqli_select_db($c, $newDB);

    // gets all tables in the old schema
    $tables = "SELECT table_name
               FROM information_schema.tables
               WHERE table_schema = '{$oldDB}'
               AND table_type = 'BASE TABLE'";
    $results = mysqli_query($c, $tables);

    // checks if any tables were returned and recreates them in the new schema, adds the foreign keys, and inserts the associated data
    if (mysqli_num_rows($results) > 0) {

        // recreates all tables first
        while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($results)) {
            $table = "CREATE TABLE {$newDB}.{$row[0]} LIKE {$oldDB}.{$row[0]}";
            mysqli_query($c, $table);
        }

        // resets the results to loop through again
        mysqli_data_seek($results, 0);

        // loops through each table to add foreign key and insert data
        while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($results)) {

            // inserts the data into each table
            $data = "INSERT IGNORE INTO {$newDB}.{$row[0]} SELECT * FROM {$oldDB}.{$row[0]}";
            mysqli_query($c, $data);

            // gets all foreign keys for a particular table in the old schema
            $fks = "SELECT constraint_name, column_name, table_name, referenced_table_name, referenced_column_name
                    FROM information_schema.key_column_usage
                    WHERE referenced_table_name IS NOT NULL
                    AND table_schema = '{$oldDB}'
                    AND table_name = '{$row[0]}'";
            $fkResults = mysqli_query($c, $fks);

            // checks if any foreign keys were returned and recreates them in the new schema
            // Note: ON UPDATE and ON DELETE are not pulled from the original so you would have to change this to your liking
            if (mysqli_num_rows($fkResults) > 0) {
                while ($fkRow = mysqli_fetch_array($fkResults)) {
                    $fkQuery = "ALTER TABLE {$newDB}.{$row[0]}                              
                                ADD CONSTRAINT {$fkRow[0]}
                                FOREIGN KEY ({$fkRow[1]}) REFERENCES {$newDB}.{$fkRow[3]}({$fkRow[1]})
                                ON UPDATE CASCADE
                                ON DELETE CASCADE;";
                    mysqli_query($c, $fkQuery);
                }
            }
        }   
    }

    // gets all views in the old schema
    $views = "SHOW FULL TABLES IN {$oldDB} WHERE table_type LIKE 'VIEW'";                
    $results = mysqli_query($c, $views);

    // checks if any views were returned and recreates them in the new schema
    if (mysqli_num_rows($results) > 0) {
        while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($results)) {
            $view = "SHOW CREATE VIEW {$oldDB}.{$row[0]}";
            $viewResults = mysqli_query($c, $view);
            $viewRow = mysqli_fetch_array($viewResults);
            mysqli_query($c, preg_replace("/CREATE(.*?)VIEW/", "CREATE VIEW", str_replace($oldDB, $newDB, $viewRow[1])));
        }
    }

    // gets all triggers in the old schema
    $triggers = "SELECT trigger_name, action_timing, event_manipulation, event_object_table, created
                 FROM information_schema.triggers
                 WHERE trigger_schema = '{$oldDB}'";                 
    $results = mysqli_query($c, $triggers);

    // checks if any triggers were returned and recreates them in the new schema
    if (mysqli_num_rows($results) > 0) {
        while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($results)) {
            $trigger = "SHOW CREATE TRIGGER {$oldDB}.{$row[0]}";
            $triggerResults = mysqli_query($c, $trigger);
            $triggerRow = mysqli_fetch_array($triggerResults);
            mysqli_query($c, str_replace($oldDB, $newDB, $triggerRow[2]));
        }
    }

    // gets all procedures in the old schema
    $procedures = "SHOW PROCEDURE STATUS WHERE db = '{$oldDB}'";
    $results = mysqli_query($c, $procedures);

    // checks if any procedures were returned and recreates them in the new schema
    if (mysqli_num_rows($results) > 0) {
        while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($results)) {
            $procedure = "SHOW CREATE PROCEDURE {$oldDB}.{$row[1]}";
            $procedureResults = mysqli_query($c, $procedure);
            $procedureRow = mysqli_fetch_array($procedureResults);
            mysqli_query($c, str_replace($oldDB, $newDB, $procedureRow[2]));
        }
    }

    // gets all functions in the old schema
    $functions = "SHOW FUNCTION STATUS WHERE db = '{$oldDB}'";
    $results = mysqli_query($c, $functions);

    // checks if any functions were returned and recreates them in the new schema
    if (mysqli_num_rows($results) > 0) {
        while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($results)) {
            $function = "SHOW CREATE FUNCTION {$oldDB}.{$row[1]}";
            $functionResults = mysqli_query($c, $function);
            $functionRow = mysqli_fetch_array($functionResults);
            mysqli_query($c, str_replace($oldDB, $newDB, $functionRow[2]));
        }
    }

    // selects the old schema (a must for copying events)
    mysqli_select_db($c, $oldDB);

    // gets all events in the old schema
    $query = "SHOW EVENTS
              WHERE db = '{$oldDB}';";
    $results = mysqli_query($c, $query);

    // selects the new schema again
    mysqli_select_db($c, $newDB);

    // checks if any events were returned and recreates them in the new schema
    if (mysqli_num_rows($results) > 0) {
        while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($results)) {
            $event = "SHOW CREATE EVENT {$oldDB}.{$row[1]}";
            $eventResults = mysqli_query($c, $event);
            $eventRow = mysqli_fetch_array($eventResults);
            mysqli_query($c, str_replace($oldDB, $newDB, $eventRow[3]));
        }
    }
}

没有mysqldump克隆数据库表的最好方法:

创建一个新数据库。 使用query创建clone-queries: SET @NewSchema = 'your_new_db'; SET @OldSchema = 'your_exists_db'; SELECT CONCAT('CREATE TABLE '，@NewSchema，')。'，table_name，' LIKE '， TABLE_SCHEMA，'.'，table_name，';插入'，@NewSchema，'。”,table_name“SELECT * FROM”,TABLE_SCHEMA。“table_name,”,”) 从information_schema。TABLE_SCHEMA = @OldSchema AND TABLE_TYPE != 'VIEW'; 运行输出!

但是请注意，上面的脚本只是快速克隆表-而不是视图，触发器和用户函数:你可以通过mysqldump——no-data——triggers -uroot -ppassword快速获得结构，然后使用仅克隆插入语句。

为什么这是实际问题?因为如果DB超过2Gb, mysqldump的上传速度非常慢。你不能仅仅通过复制DB文件来克隆InnoDB表(比如快照备份)。