运行以下命令可以复制一个没有数据的表:

CREATE TABLE x LIKE y;

(参见MySQL CREATE TABLE文档)

您可以编写一个脚本，从一个数据库的SHOW TABLES中获取输出，并将模式复制到另一个数据库。你应该能够像这样引用模式+表名:

CREATE TABLE x LIKE other_db.y;

至于数据，你也可以在MySQL中做，但不一定快。创建引用后，可以运行以下命令复制数据:

INSERT INTO x SELECT * FROM other_db.y;

如果使用MyISAM，最好复制表文件;这样会快得多。如果你使用的是INNODB的每个表空间，你应该也能做到这一点。

如果你最终要执行INSERT INTO SELECT操作，请确保使用ALTER TABLE x DISABLE KEYS临时关闭索引!

EDIT Maatkit也有一些脚本，可能有助于同步数据。它可能不会更快，但您可能可以在没有太多锁定的情况下对实时数据运行他们的同步脚本。

如果你使用的是Linux，你可以使用这个bash脚本: (它可能需要一些额外的代码清理，但它工作…它比mysqldump|mysql快得多)

#!/bin/bash

DBUSER=user
DBPASSWORD=pwd
DBSNAME=sourceDb
DBNAME=destinationDb
DBSERVER=db.example.com

fCreateTable=""
fInsertData=""
echo "Copying database ... (may take a while ...)"
DBCONN="-h ${DBSERVER} -u ${DBUSER} --password=${DBPASSWORD}"
echo "DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS ${DBNAME}" | mysql ${DBCONN}
echo "CREATE DATABASE ${DBNAME}" | mysql ${DBCONN}
for TABLE in `echo "SHOW TABLES" | mysql $DBCONN $DBSNAME | tail -n +2`; do
        createTable=`echo "SHOW CREATE TABLE ${TABLE}"|mysql -B -r $DBCONN $DBSNAME|tail -n +2|cut -f 2-`
        fCreateTable="${fCreateTable} ; ${createTable}"
        insertData="INSERT INTO ${DBNAME}.${TABLE} SELECT * FROM ${DBSNAME}.${TABLE}"
        fInsertData="${fInsertData} ; ${insertData}"
done;
echo "$fCreateTable ; $fInsertData" | mysql $DBCONN $DBNAME

我可以看到你说你不想使用mysqldump，但我在寻找类似的解决方案时到达了这个页面，其他人也可能会找到它。考虑到这一点，这里有一个从windows服务器的命令行复制数据库的简单方法:

使用MySQLAdmin或您喜欢的方法创建目标数据库。在本例中，db2是目标数据库，源数据库db1将在其中复制。 在命令行中执行以下语句:

mysql -h [server] -u [user] -p[password] db1 | mysql -h [server] -u [user] -p[password] db2

注意:-p和[password]之间没有空格

在PHP中:

function cloneDatabase($dbName, $newDbName){
    global $admin;
    $db_check = @mysql_select_db ( $dbName );
    $getTables  =   $admin->query("SHOW TABLES");   
    $tables =   array();
    while($row = mysql_fetch_row($getTables)){
        $tables[]   =   $row[0];
    }
    $createTable    =   mysql_query("CREATE DATABASE `$newDbName` DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;") or die(mysql_error());
    foreach($tables as $cTable){
        $db_check   =   @mysql_select_db ( $newDbName );
        $create     =   $admin->query("CREATE TABLE $cTable LIKE ".$dbName.".".$cTable);
        if(!$create) {
            $error  =   true;
        }
        $insert     =   $admin->query("INSERT INTO $cTable SELECT * FROM ".$dbName.".".$cTable);
    }
    return !isset($error);
}


// usage
$clone  = cloneDatabase('dbname','newdbname');  // first: toCopy, second: new database

请注意，mysql实用工具....上有一个mysqldbcopy命令作为添加的一部分 https://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql-utilities/1.5/en/utils-task-clone-db.html

我真的不知道你说的“本地访问”是什么意思。 但是对于这个解决方案，你需要能够通过ssh访问服务器来复制数据库存储的文件。

我不能使用mysqldump，因为我的数据库很大(7Go, mysqldump失败) 如果2个mysql数据库的版本差异太大，可能无法工作，您可以使用mysql -V检查您的mysql版本。

1)将数据从远程服务器复制到本地计算机(vps是远程服务器的别名，可以用root@1.2.3.4代替)

ssh vps:/etc/init.d/mysql stop
scp -rC vps:/var/lib/mysql/ /tmp/var_lib_mysql
ssh vps:/etc/init.d/apache2 start

2)导入在本地复制的数据

/etc/init.d/mysql stop
sudo chown -R mysql:mysql /tmp/var_lib_mysql
sudo nano /etc/mysql/my.cnf
-> [mysqld]
-> datadir=/tmp/var_lib_mysql
/etc/init.d/mysql start

如果您有不同的版本，则可能需要运行

/etc/init.d/mysql stop
mysql_upgrade -u root -pPASSWORD --force #that step took almost 1hrs
/etc/init.d/mysql start

没有mysqldump克隆数据库表的最好方法:

创建一个新数据库。 使用query创建clone-queries: SET @NewSchema = 'your_new_db'; SET @OldSchema = 'your_exists_db'; SELECT CONCAT('CREATE TABLE '，@NewSchema，')。'，table_name，' LIKE '， TABLE_SCHEMA，'.'，table_name，';插入'，@NewSchema，'。”,table_name“SELECT * FROM”,TABLE_SCHEMA。“table_name,”,”) 从information_schema。TABLE_SCHEMA = @OldSchema AND TABLE_TYPE != 'VIEW'; 运行输出!

但是请注意，上面的脚本只是快速克隆表-而不是视图，触发器和用户函数:你可以通过mysqldump——no-data——triggers -uroot -ppassword快速获得结构，然后使用仅克隆插入语句。

为什么这是实际问题?因为如果DB超过2Gb, mysqldump的上传速度非常慢。你不能仅仅通过复制DB文件来克隆InnoDB表(比如快照备份)。

所有先前的解都在这一点上，但是，它们并没有完全复制。我创建了一个PHP函数(尽管有些冗长)，它复制所有内容，包括表、外键、数据、视图、过程、函数、触发器和事件。代码如下:

/* This function takes the database connection, an existing database, and the new database and duplicates everything in the new database. */
function copyDatabase($c, $oldDB, $newDB) {

    // creates the schema if it does not exist
    $schema = "CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS {$newDB};";
    mysqli_query($c, $schema);

    // selects the new schema
    mysqli_select_db($c, $newDB);

    // gets all tables in the old schema
    $tables = "SELECT table_name
               FROM information_schema.tables
               WHERE table_schema = '{$oldDB}'
               AND table_type = 'BASE TABLE'";
    $results = mysqli_query($c, $tables);

    // checks if any tables were returned and recreates them in the new schema, adds the foreign keys, and inserts the associated data
    if (mysqli_num_rows($results) > 0) {

        // recreates all tables first
        while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($results)) {
            $table = "CREATE TABLE {$newDB}.{$row[0]} LIKE {$oldDB}.{$row[0]}";
            mysqli_query($c, $table);
        }

        // resets the results to loop through again
        mysqli_data_seek($results, 0);

        // loops through each table to add foreign key and insert data
        while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($results)) {

            // inserts the data into each table
            $data = "INSERT IGNORE INTO {$newDB}.{$row[0]} SELECT * FROM {$oldDB}.{$row[0]}";
            mysqli_query($c, $data);

            // gets all foreign keys for a particular table in the old schema
            $fks = "SELECT constraint_name, column_name, table_name, referenced_table_name, referenced_column_name
                    FROM information_schema.key_column_usage
                    WHERE referenced_table_name IS NOT NULL
                    AND table_schema = '{$oldDB}'
                    AND table_name = '{$row[0]}'";
            $fkResults = mysqli_query($c, $fks);

            // checks if any foreign keys were returned and recreates them in the new schema
            // Note: ON UPDATE and ON DELETE are not pulled from the original so you would have to change this to your liking
            if (mysqli_num_rows($fkResults) > 0) {
                while ($fkRow = mysqli_fetch_array($fkResults)) {
                    $fkQuery = "ALTER TABLE {$newDB}.{$row[0]}                              
                                ADD CONSTRAINT {$fkRow[0]}
                                FOREIGN KEY ({$fkRow[1]}) REFERENCES {$newDB}.{$fkRow[3]}({$fkRow[1]})
                                ON UPDATE CASCADE
                                ON DELETE CASCADE;";
                    mysqli_query($c, $fkQuery);
                }
            }
        }   
    }

    // gets all views in the old schema
    $views = "SHOW FULL TABLES IN {$oldDB} WHERE table_type LIKE 'VIEW'";                
    $results = mysqli_query($c, $views);

    // checks if any views were returned and recreates them in the new schema
    if (mysqli_num_rows($results) > 0) {
        while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($results)) {
            $view = "SHOW CREATE VIEW {$oldDB}.{$row[0]}";
            $viewResults = mysqli_query($c, $view);
            $viewRow = mysqli_fetch_array($viewResults);
            mysqli_query($c, preg_replace("/CREATE(.*?)VIEW/", "CREATE VIEW", str_replace($oldDB, $newDB, $viewRow[1])));
        }
    }

    // gets all triggers in the old schema
    $triggers = "SELECT trigger_name, action_timing, event_manipulation, event_object_table, created
                 FROM information_schema.triggers
                 WHERE trigger_schema = '{$oldDB}'";                 
    $results = mysqli_query($c, $triggers);

    // checks if any triggers were returned and recreates them in the new schema
    if (mysqli_num_rows($results) > 0) {
        while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($results)) {
            $trigger = "SHOW CREATE TRIGGER {$oldDB}.{$row[0]}";
            $triggerResults = mysqli_query($c, $trigger);
            $triggerRow = mysqli_fetch_array($triggerResults);
            mysqli_query($c, str_replace($oldDB, $newDB, $triggerRow[2]));
        }
    }

    // gets all procedures in the old schema
    $procedures = "SHOW PROCEDURE STATUS WHERE db = '{$oldDB}'";
    $results = mysqli_query($c, $procedures);

    // checks if any procedures were returned and recreates them in the new schema
    if (mysqli_num_rows($results) > 0) {
        while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($results)) {
            $procedure = "SHOW CREATE PROCEDURE {$oldDB}.{$row[1]}";
            $procedureResults = mysqli_query($c, $procedure);
            $procedureRow = mysqli_fetch_array($procedureResults);
            mysqli_query($c, str_replace($oldDB, $newDB, $procedureRow[2]));
        }
    }

    // gets all functions in the old schema
    $functions = "SHOW FUNCTION STATUS WHERE db = '{$oldDB}'";
    $results = mysqli_query($c, $functions);

    // checks if any functions were returned and recreates them in the new schema
    if (mysqli_num_rows($results) > 0) {
        while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($results)) {
            $function = "SHOW CREATE FUNCTION {$oldDB}.{$row[1]}";
            $functionResults = mysqli_query($c, $function);
            $functionRow = mysqli_fetch_array($functionResults);
            mysqli_query($c, str_replace($oldDB, $newDB, $functionRow[2]));
        }
    }

    // selects the old schema (a must for copying events)
    mysqli_select_db($c, $oldDB);

    // gets all events in the old schema
    $query = "SHOW EVENTS
              WHERE db = '{$oldDB}';";
    $results = mysqli_query($c, $query);

    // selects the new schema again
    mysqli_select_db($c, $newDB);

    // checks if any events were returned and recreates them in the new schema
    if (mysqli_num_rows($results) > 0) {
        while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($results)) {
            $event = "SHOW CREATE EVENT {$oldDB}.{$row[1]}";
            $eventResults = mysqli_query($c, $event);
            $eventRow = mysqli_fetch_array($eventResults);
            mysqli_query($c, str_replace($oldDB, $newDB, $eventRow[3]));
        }
    }
}

一个SQL，显示SQL命令，需要运行复制一个数据库从一个数据库到另一个。对于每个表，都有创建表语句和插入语句。它假设两个数据库都在同一台服务器上:

select @fromdb:="crm";
select @todb:="crmen";

SET group_concat_max_len=100000000;


SELECT  GROUP_CONCAT( concat("CREATE TABLE `",@todb,"`.`",table_name,"` LIKE `",@fromdb,"`.`",table_name,"`;\n",
"INSERT INTO `",@todb,"`.`",table_name,"` SELECT * FROM `",@fromdb,"`.`",table_name,"`;") 

SEPARATOR '\n\n')

as sqlstatement
 FROM information_schema.tables where table_schema=@fromdb and TABLE_TYPE='BASE TABLE';

实际上，我想在PHP中实现这一点，但这里没有一个答案是非常有用的，所以这里是我的-相当直接-使用MySQLi的解决方案:

// Database variables

$DB_HOST = 'localhost';
$DB_USER = 'root';
$DB_PASS = '1234';

$DB_SRC = 'existing_db';
$DB_DST = 'newly_created_db';



// MYSQL Connect

$mysqli = new mysqli( $DB_HOST, $DB_USER, $DB_PASS ) or die( $mysqli->error );



// Create destination database

$mysqli->query( "CREATE DATABASE $DB_DST" ) or die( $mysqli->error );



// Iterate through tables of source database

$tables = $mysqli->query( "SHOW TABLES FROM $DB_SRC" ) or die( $mysqli->error );

while( $table = $tables->fetch_array() ): $TABLE = $table[0];


    // Copy table and contents in destination database

    $mysqli->query( "CREATE TABLE $DB_DST.$TABLE LIKE $DB_SRC.$TABLE" ) or die( $mysqli->error );
    $mysqli->query( "INSERT INTO $DB_DST.$TABLE SELECT * FROM $DB_SRC.$TABLE" ) or die( $mysqli->error );


endwhile;

Mysqldump是个不错的解决方案。复制数据库的最简单方法:

mysqldump -uusername -ppass dbname1 |MySQL -uusername -ppass dbname2

此外，您可以通过以下方式更改存储引擎:

mysqldump -uusername -ppass dbname1 |sed 's/InnoDB/RocksDB/' |MySQL -uusername -ppass dbname2