最简单的方法是使用日期时间和一些日期数学，例如从下个月的第一天减去一天：

import datetime

def last_day_of_month(d: datetime.date) -> datetime.date:
    return (
        datetime.date(d.year + d.month//12, d.month % 12 + 1, 1) -
        datetime.timedelta(days=1)
    )

或者，您可以使用calendar.monthrange（）获取一个月的天数（考虑闰年）并相应地更新日期：

import calendar, datetime

def last_day_of_month(d: datetime.date) -> datetime.date:
    return d.replace(day=calendar.monthrange(d.year, d.month)[1])

快速的基准测试表明，第一个版本明显更快：

In [14]: today = datetime.date.today()

In [15]: %timeit last_day_of_month_dt(today)
918 ns ± 3.54 ns per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 1000000 loops each)

In [16]: %timeit last_day_of_month_calendar(today)
1.4 µs ± 17.3 ns per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 1000000 loops each)

如果不想导入日历模块，还可以使用简单的两步功能：

import datetime

def last_day_of_month(any_day):
    # The day 28 exists in every month. 4 days later, it's always next month
    next_month = any_day.replace(day=28) + datetime.timedelta(days=4)
    # subtracting the number of the current day brings us back one month
    return next_month - datetime.timedelta(days=next_month.day)

输出：

>>> for month in range(1, 13):
...     print(last_day_of_month(datetime.date(2022, month, 1)))
...
2022-01-31
2022-02-28
2022-03-31
2022-04-30
2022-05-31
2022-06-30
2022-07-31
2022-08-31
2022-09-30
2022-10-31
2022-11-30
2022-12-31

更简单地说：

import datetime
now = datetime.datetime.now()
datetime.date(now.year, 1 if now.month==12 else now.month+1, 1) - datetime.timedelta(days=1)

另一个解决方案是这样做：

from datetime import datetime

def last_day_of_month(year, month):
    """ Work out the last day of the month """
    last_days = [31, 30, 29, 28, 27]
    for i in last_days:
        try:
            end = datetime(year, month, i)
        except ValueError:
            continue
        else:
            return end.date()
    return None

使用如下函数：

>>> 
>>> last_day_of_month(2008, 2)
datetime.date(2008, 2, 29)
>>> last_day_of_month(2009, 2)
datetime.date(2009, 2, 28)
>>> last_day_of_month(2008, 11)
datetime.date(2008, 11, 30)
>>> last_day_of_month(2008, 12)
datetime.date(2008, 12, 31)

迄今为止，我找到的最简单、最可靠的方法是：

from datetime import datetime
import calendar
days_in_month = calendar.monthrange(2020, 12)[1]
end_dt = datetime(2020, 12, days_in_month)

这个对我很有用：

df['daysinmonths'] = df['your_date_col'].apply(lambda t: pd.Period(t, freq='S').days_in_month)

参考来源：https://stackoverflow.com/a/66403016/16607636