我希望使我的代码更具可读性，以及使用工具，如IDE代码检查和/或静态代码分析(FindBugs和Sonar)，以避免nullpointerexception。许多工具似乎与彼此的@NotNull/@NonNull/ @NonNull注释不兼容，在我的代码中列出所有这些工具会让人难以阅读。有没有什么建议，哪一个是“最好的”?下面是我找到的等价注释列表:
javax.validation.constraints.NotNull
Created for runtime validation, not static analysis.
documentation
edu.umd.cs.findbugs.annotations.NonNull
Used by FindBugs (dead project) and its successor SpotBugs static analysis and therefore Sonar (now Sonarqube)
FindBugs documentation, SpotBugs documentation
javax.annotation.Nonnull
This might work with FindBugs too, but JSR-305 is inactive. (See also: What is the status of JSR 305?)
source
org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull
Used by IntelliJ IDEA IDE for static analysis.
documentation
lombok.NonNull
Used to control code generation in Project Lombok.
Placeholder annotation since there is no standard.
source,
documentation
androidx.annotation.NonNull
Marker annotation available in Android, provided by annotation package
documentation
org.eclipse.jdt.annotation.NonNull
Used by Eclipse for static code analysis
documentation
One of the nice things about IntelliJ is that you don't need to use their annotations. You can write your own, or you can use those of whatever other tool you like. You're not even limited to a single type. If you're using two libraries that use different @NotNull annotations, you can tell IntelliJ to use both of them. To do this, go to "Configure Inspections", click on the "Constant Conditions & Exceptions" inspection, and hit the "Configure inspections" button. I use the Nullness Checker wherever I can, so I set up IntelliJ to use those annotations, but you can make it work with whatever other tool you want. (I have no opinion on the other tools because I've been using IntelliJ's inspections for years, and I love them.)
JSR305和FindBugs是由同一个人编写的。两者的维护都很差，但都是标准的，并且得到所有主要ide的支持。好消息是，他们工作得很好。
下面是如何在默认情况下将@Nonnull应用到所有类、方法和字段。
参见https://stackoverflow.com/a/13319541/14731和https://stackoverflow.com/a/9256595/14731
定义@NotNullByDefault
import java.lang.annotation.Documented;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import javax.annotation.Nonnull;
import javax.annotation.meta.TypeQualifierDefault;
/**
* This annotation can be applied to a package, class or method to indicate that the class fields,
* method return types and parameters in that element are not null by default unless there is: <ul>
* <li>An explicit nullness annotation <li>The method overrides a method in a superclass (in which
* case the annotation of the corresponding parameter in the superclass applies) <li> there is a
* default parameter annotation applied to a more tightly nested element. </ul>
* <p/>
* @see https://stackoverflow.com/a/9256595/14731
*/
@Documented
@Nonnull
@TypeQualifierDefault(
{
ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE,
ElementType.CONSTRUCTOR,
ElementType.FIELD,
ElementType.LOCAL_VARIABLE,
ElementType.METHOD,
ElementType.PACKAGE,
ElementType.PARAMETER,
ElementType.TYPE
})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface NotNullByDefault
{
}
2. 将注释添加到每个包:package-info.java
@NotNullByDefault
package com.example.foo;
更新:截至2012年12月12日，JSR 305被列为“休眠”。根据文档:
被执行委员会投票为“休眠”的JSR，或者已经达到自然生命周期的JSR。
看起来JSR 308正在加入JDK 8，尽管JSR没有定义@NotNull，但是附带的Checkers框架定义了。在撰写本文时，由于这个错误，Maven插件无法使用:https://github.com/typetools/checker-framework/issues/183
如果你正在为android开发，那么你在某种程度上与Eclipse(编辑:在撰写本文时，不再)有一定的联系，它有自己的注释。它包含在Eclipse 3.8+ (Juno)中，但默认禁用。
您可以在首选项> Java >编译器>错误/警告>空分析(底部可折叠部分)中启用它。
勾选“启用基于注释的空分析”
http://wiki.eclipse.org/JDT_Core/Null_Analysis#Usage有关于设置的建议。然而，如果你的工作空间中有外部项目(如facebook SDK)，它们可能不满足这些建议，你可能不想在每次SDK更新时修复它们;-)
我使用:
空指针访问:错误
违反空规范:错误(链接到第1点)
潜在的空指针访问:警告(否则facebook SDK将有警告)
空注释和空推断之间的冲突:警告(链接到第3点)
