我使用IntelliJ，因为我最关心的是IntelliJ标记可能产生NPE的东西。我同意在JDK中没有标准注释是令人沮丧的。有传言说要添加它，它可能会加入到Java 7中。这样的话，就多了一个选择!

Spring 5在包级别上有@NonNullApi。对于已经具有Spring依赖项的项目来说，这似乎是一个方便的选择。所有字段、参数和返回值默认为@NonNull和@Nullable，可以应用在少数不同的地方。

文件package-info.java:

@org.springframework.lang.NonNullApi
package com.acme;

https://docs.spring.io/spring-data/commons/docs/current/reference/html/#repositories.nullability.annotations

我使用IntelliJ，因为我最关心的是IntelliJ标记可能产生NPE的东西。我同意在JDK中没有标准注释是令人沮丧的。有传言说要添加它，它可能会加入到Java 7中。这样的话，就多了一个选择!

JSR305和FindBugs是由同一个人编写的。两者的维护都很差，但都是标准的，并且得到所有主要ide的支持。好消息是，他们工作得很好。

下面是如何在默认情况下将@Nonnull应用到所有类、方法和字段。 参见https://stackoverflow.com/a/13319541/14731和https://stackoverflow.com/a/9256595/14731

定义@NotNullByDefault

import java.lang.annotation.Documented;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import javax.annotation.Nonnull;
import javax.annotation.meta.TypeQualifierDefault;


    /**
     * This annotation can be applied to a package, class or method to indicate that the class fields,
     * method return types and parameters in that element are not null by default unless there is: <ul>
     * <li>An explicit nullness annotation <li>The method overrides a method in a superclass (in which
     * case the annotation of the corresponding parameter in the superclass applies) <li> there is a
     * default parameter annotation applied to a more tightly nested element. </ul>
     * <p/>
     * @see https://stackoverflow.com/a/9256595/14731
     */
    @Documented
    @Nonnull
    @TypeQualifierDefault(
    {
        ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE,
        ElementType.CONSTRUCTOR,
        ElementType.FIELD,
        ElementType.LOCAL_VARIABLE,
        ElementType.METHOD,
        ElementType.PACKAGE,
        ElementType.PARAMETER,
        ElementType.TYPE
    })
    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
    public @interface NotNullByDefault
    {
    }

2. 将注释添加到每个包:package-info.java

@NotNullByDefault
package com.example.foo;

更新:截至2012年12月12日，JSR 305被列为“休眠”。根据文档:

被执行委员会投票为“休眠”的JSR，或者已经达到自然生命周期的JSR。

看起来JSR 308正在加入JDK 8，尽管JSR没有定义@NotNull，但是附带的Checkers框架定义了。在撰写本文时，由于这个错误，Maven插件无法使用:https://github.com/typetools/checker-framework/issues/183

我非常喜欢检查器框架，它是类型注释(JSR-308)的实现，用于实现像null检查器这样的缺陷检查器。我并没有尝试其他任何方法进行比较，但我对这个实现感到满意。

我没有加入提供该软件的组织，但我是它的粉丝。

我喜欢这个系统的四个方面:

It has a defect checkers for nullness (@Nullable), but also has ones for immutability and interning (and others). I use the first one (nullness) and I'm trying to get into using the second one (immutability/IGJ). I'm trying out the third one, but I'm not certain about using it long term yet. I'm not convinced of the general usefulness of the other checkers yet, but its nice to know that the framework itself is a system for implementing a variety of additional annotations and checkers. The default setting for nullness checking works well: Non-null except locals (NNEL). Basically this means that by default the checker treats everyhing (instance variables, method parameters, generic types, etc) except local variables as if they have a @NonNull type by default. Per the documentation: The NNEL default leads to the smallest number of explicit annotations in your code. You can set a different default for a class or for a method if NNEL doesn't work for you. This framework allows you to use with without creating a dependency on the framework by enclosing your annotations in a comment: e.g. /*@Nullable*/. This is nice because you can annotate and check a library or shared code, but still be able to use that library/shared coded in another project that doesn't use the framework. This is a nice feature. I've grown accustom to using it, even though I tend to enable the Checker Framework on all my projects now. The framework has a way to annotate APIs you use that aren't already annotated for nullness by using stub files.

Another option is the annotations provided with ANTLR 4. Following Pull Request #434, the artifact containing the @NotNull and @Nullable annotations includes an annotation processor that produces compile-time errors and/or warnings in the event one of these attributes is misused (for example, if both are applied to the same item, or if @Nullable is applied to item with a primitive type). The annotation processor provides additional assurance during the software development process that the information conveyed by the application of these annotations is accurate, including in cases of method inheritance.