我希望使我的代码更具可读性，以及使用工具，如IDE代码检查和/或静态代码分析(FindBugs和Sonar)，以避免nullpointerexception。许多工具似乎与彼此的@NotNull/@NonNull/ @NonNull注释不兼容，在我的代码中列出所有这些工具会让人难以阅读。有没有什么建议，哪一个是“最好的”?下面是我找到的等价注释列表:
javax.validation.constraints.NotNull
Created for runtime validation, not static analysis.
documentation
edu.umd.cs.findbugs.annotations.NonNull
Used by FindBugs (dead project) and its successor SpotBugs static analysis and therefore Sonar (now Sonarqube)
FindBugs documentation, SpotBugs documentation
javax.annotation.Nonnull
This might work with FindBugs too, but JSR-305 is inactive. (See also: What is the status of JSR 305?)
source
org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull
Used by IntelliJ IDEA IDE for static analysis.
documentation
lombok.NonNull
Used to control code generation in Project Lombok.
Placeholder annotation since there is no standard.
source,
documentation
androidx.annotation.NonNull
Marker annotation available in Android, provided by annotation package
documentation
org.eclipse.jdt.annotation.NonNull
Used by Eclipse for static code analysis
documentation
JSR305和FindBugs是由同一个人编写的。两者的维护都很差，但都是标准的，并且得到所有主要ide的支持。好消息是，他们工作得很好。
下面是如何在默认情况下将@Nonnull应用到所有类、方法和字段。
参见https://stackoverflow.com/a/13319541/14731和https://stackoverflow.com/a/9256595/14731
定义@NotNullByDefault
import java.lang.annotation.Documented;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import javax.annotation.Nonnull;
import javax.annotation.meta.TypeQualifierDefault;
/**
* This annotation can be applied to a package, class or method to indicate that the class fields,
* method return types and parameters in that element are not null by default unless there is: <ul>
* <li>An explicit nullness annotation <li>The method overrides a method in a superclass (in which
* case the annotation of the corresponding parameter in the superclass applies) <li> there is a
* default parameter annotation applied to a more tightly nested element. </ul>
* <p/>
* @see https://stackoverflow.com/a/9256595/14731
*/
@Documented
@Nonnull
@TypeQualifierDefault(
{
ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE,
ElementType.CONSTRUCTOR,
ElementType.FIELD,
ElementType.LOCAL_VARIABLE,
ElementType.METHOD,
ElementType.PACKAGE,
ElementType.PARAMETER,
ElementType.TYPE
})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface NotNullByDefault
{
}
2. 将注释添加到每个包:package-info.java
@NotNullByDefault
package com.example.foo;
更新:截至2012年12月12日，JSR 305被列为“休眠”。根据文档:
被执行委员会投票为“休眠”的JSR，或者已经达到自然生命周期的JSR。
看起来JSR 308正在加入JDK 8，尽管JSR没有定义@NotNull，但是附带的Checkers框架定义了。在撰写本文时，由于这个错误，Maven插件无法使用:https://github.com/typetools/checker-framework/issues/183
根据Java 7的特性列表，JSR-308类型注释被推迟到Java 8。甚至没有提到JSR-305注释。
在最新的JSR-308草案的附录中有一些关于JSR-305状态的信息。这包括观察到JSR-305注释似乎被抛弃了。JSR-305页面还将其显示为“inactive”。
同时，实用的答案是使用最广泛使用的工具所支持的注释类型……如果情况发生变化，也要做好改变的准备。
事实上，JSR-308没有定义任何注释类型/类，而且看起来他们认为这超出了范围。(考虑到JSR-305的存在，他们是正确的)。
然而，如果JSR-308真的想要加入Java 8，那么如果人们对JSR-305重新产生兴趣，我也不会感到惊讶。AFAIK, JSR-305团队还没有正式放弃他们的工作。他们已经沉默了2年多了。
有趣的是，Bill Pugh (JSR-305的技术主管)是FindBugs背后的人之一。
我非常喜欢检查器框架，它是类型注释(JSR-308)的实现，用于实现像null检查器这样的缺陷检查器。我并没有尝试其他任何方法进行比较，但我对这个实现感到满意。
我没有加入提供该软件的组织，但我是它的粉丝。
我喜欢这个系统的四个方面:
It has a defect checkers for nullness (@Nullable), but also has ones for immutability and interning (and others). I use the first one (nullness) and I'm trying to get into using the second one (immutability/IGJ). I'm trying out the third one, but I'm not certain about using it long term yet. I'm not convinced of the general usefulness of the other checkers yet, but its nice to know that the framework itself is a system for implementing a variety of additional annotations and checkers.
The default setting for nullness checking works well: Non-null except locals (NNEL). Basically this means that by default the checker treats everyhing (instance variables, method parameters, generic types, etc) except local variables as if they have a @NonNull type by default. Per the documentation:
The NNEL default leads to the smallest number of explicit annotations in your code.
You can set a different default for a class or for a method if NNEL doesn't work for you.
This framework allows you to use with without creating a dependency on the framework by enclosing your annotations in a comment: e.g. /*@Nullable*/. This is nice because you can annotate and check a library or shared code, but still be able to use that library/shared coded in another project that doesn't use the framework. This is a nice feature. I've grown accustom to using it, even though I tend to enable the Checker Framework on all my projects now.
The framework has a way to annotate APIs you use that aren't already annotated for nullness by using stub files.
