我想保持我的.bashrc和.bash_login文件在版本控制，以便我可以在我使用的所有计算机之间使用它们。问题是我有一些操作系统特定的别名，所以我正在寻找一种方法来确定脚本是否在Mac OS X, Linux或Cygwin上运行。
在Bash脚本中检测操作系统的正确方法是什么?
当前回答
我写了一个个人Bash库和脚本框架，使用GNU shtool来进行相当准确的平台检测。
GNU shtool是一个非常可移植的脚本集，其中包含了'shtool platform'命令。下面是输出:
shtool platform -v -F "%sc (%ac) %st (%at) %sp (%ap)"
在一些不同的机器上:
Mac OS X Leopard:
4.4BSD/Mach3.0 (iX86) Apple Darwin 9.6.0 (i386) Apple Mac OS X 10.5.6 (iX86)
Ubuntu Jaunty server:
LSB (iX86) GNU/Linux 2.9/2.6 (i686) Ubuntu 9.04 (iX86)
Debian Lenny:
LSB (iX86) GNU/Linux 2.7/2.6 (i686) Debian GNU/Linux 5.0 (iX86)
正如您所看到的，这会产生非常令人满意的结果。GNU shtool有点慢，所以我实际上在脚本调用的系统上的一个文件中存储并更新了平台标识。这是我的框架，所以这对我来说是可行的，但你可能会有所不同。
现在，您必须找到一种方法将shtool打包到脚本中，但这并不难。您还可以总是使用uname输出。
编辑:
我错过了Teddy关于配置的帖子。猜(某种程度上)。这些脚本非常相似，但并不相同。我个人也将shtool用于其他用途，它对我来说工作得很好。
其他回答
OSTYPE美元
你可以简单地使用预定义的$OSTYPE变量，例如:
case "$OSTYPE" in
solaris*) echo "SOLARIS" ;;
darwin*) echo "OSX" ;;
linux*) echo "LINUX" ;;
bsd*) echo "BSD" ;;
msys*) echo "WINDOWS" ;;
cygwin*) echo "ALSO WINDOWS" ;;
*) echo "unknown: $OSTYPE" ;;
esac
但是，旧的shell(如Bourne shell)不能识别它。
生命
另一种方法是基于uname命令检测平台。
请参阅以下脚本(已准备好包含在.bashrc中):
# Detect the platform (similar to $OSTYPE)
OS="`uname`"
case $OS in
'Linux')
OS='Linux'
alias ls='ls --color=auto'
;;
'FreeBSD')
OS='FreeBSD'
alias ls='ls -G'
;;
'WindowsNT')
OS='Windows'
;;
'Darwin')
OS='Mac'
;;
'SunOS')
OS='Solaris'
;;
'AIX') ;;
*) ;;
esac
你可以在我的.bashrc中找到一些实际的例子。
以下是在Travis CI上使用的类似版本:
case $(uname | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]') in
linux*)
export TRAVIS_OS_NAME=linux
;;
darwin*)
export TRAVIS_OS_NAME=osx
;;
msys*)
export TRAVIS_OS_NAME=windows
;;
*)
export TRAVIS_OS_NAME=notset
;;
esac
我认为以下几点应该有用。不过我对win32不太确定。
if [[ "$OSTYPE" == "linux-gnu"* ]]; then
# ...
elif [[ "$OSTYPE" == "darwin"* ]]; then
# Mac OSX
elif [[ "$OSTYPE" == "cygwin" ]]; then
# POSIX compatibility layer and Linux environment emulation for Windows
elif [[ "$OSTYPE" == "msys" ]]; then
# Lightweight shell and GNU utilities compiled for Windows (part of MinGW)
elif [[ "$OSTYPE" == "win32" ]]; then
# I'm not sure this can happen.
elif [[ "$OSTYPE" == "freebsd"* ]]; then
# ...
else
# Unknown.
fi
我建议使用这个完整的bash代码
lowercase(){
echo "$1" | sed "y/ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ/abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz/"
}
OS=`lowercase \`uname\``
KERNEL=`uname -r`
MACH=`uname -m`
if [ "{$OS}" == "windowsnt" ]; then
OS=windows
elif [ "{$OS}" == "darwin" ]; then
OS=mac
else
OS=`uname`
if [ "${OS}" = "SunOS" ] ; then
OS=Solaris
ARCH=`uname -p`
OSSTR="${OS} ${REV}(${ARCH} `uname -v`)"
elif [ "${OS}" = "AIX" ] ; then
OSSTR="${OS} `oslevel` (`oslevel -r`)"
elif [ "${OS}" = "Linux" ] ; then
if [ -f /etc/redhat-release ] ; then
DistroBasedOn='RedHat'
DIST=`cat /etc/redhat-release |sed s/\ release.*//`
PSUEDONAME=`cat /etc/redhat-release | sed s/.*\(// | sed s/\)//`
REV=`cat /etc/redhat-release | sed s/.*release\ // | sed s/\ .*//`
elif [ -f /etc/SuSE-release ] ; then
DistroBasedOn='SuSe'
PSUEDONAME=`cat /etc/SuSE-release | tr "\n" ' '| sed s/VERSION.*//`
REV=`cat /etc/SuSE-release | tr "\n" ' ' | sed s/.*=\ //`
elif [ -f /etc/mandrake-release ] ; then
DistroBasedOn='Mandrake'
PSUEDONAME=`cat /etc/mandrake-release | sed s/.*\(// | sed s/\)//`
REV=`cat /etc/mandrake-release | sed s/.*release\ // | sed s/\ .*//`
elif [ -f /etc/debian_version ] ; then
DistroBasedOn='Debian'
DIST=`cat /etc/lsb-release | grep '^DISTRIB_ID' | awk -F= '{ print $2 }'`
PSUEDONAME=`cat /etc/lsb-release | grep '^DISTRIB_CODENAME' | awk -F= '{ print $2 }'`
REV=`cat /etc/lsb-release | grep '^DISTRIB_RELEASE' | awk -F= '{ print $2 }'`
fi
if [ -f /etc/UnitedLinux-release ] ; then
DIST="${DIST}[`cat /etc/UnitedLinux-release | tr "\n" ' ' | sed s/VERSION.*//`]"
fi
OS=`lowercase $OS`
DistroBasedOn=`lowercase $DistroBasedOn`
readonly OS
readonly DIST
readonly DistroBasedOn
readonly PSUEDONAME
readonly REV
readonly KERNEL
readonly MACH
fi
fi
echo $OS
echo $KERNEL
echo $MACH
更多的例子在这里:https://github.com/coto/server-easy-install/blob/master/lib/core.sh
这将检查一堆已知文件，以确定linux发行版是Debian还是ubuntu，然后它默认为$OSTYPE变量。
os='Unknown'
unamestr="${OSTYPE//[0-9.]/}"
os=$( compgen -G "/etc/*release" > /dev/null && cat /etc/*release | grep ^NAME | tr -d 'NAME="' || echo "$unamestr")
echo "$os"
下面是一种使用/etc/lsb-release和/etc/os-release(取决于您使用的Linux风格)检测基于Debian和RedHat的Linux操作系统的方法，并基于它采取简单的操作。
#!/bin/bash
set -e
YUM_PACKAGE_NAME="python python-devl python-pip openssl-devel"
DEB_PACKAGE_NAME="python2.7 python-dev python-pip libssl-dev"
if cat /etc/*release | grep ^NAME | grep CentOS; then
echo "==============================================="
echo "Installing packages $YUM_PACKAGE_NAME on CentOS"
echo "==============================================="
yum install -y $YUM_PACKAGE_NAME
elif cat /etc/*release | grep ^NAME | grep Red; then
echo "==============================================="
echo "Installing packages $YUM_PACKAGE_NAME on RedHat"
echo "==============================================="
yum install -y $YUM_PACKAGE_NAME
elif cat /etc/*release | grep ^NAME | grep Fedora; then
echo "================================================"
echo "Installing packages $YUM_PACKAGE_NAME on Fedorea"
echo "================================================"
yum install -y $YUM_PACKAGE_NAME
elif cat /etc/*release | grep ^NAME | grep Ubuntu; then
echo "==============================================="
echo "Installing packages $DEB_PACKAGE_NAME on Ubuntu"
echo "==============================================="
apt-get update
apt-get install -y $DEB_PACKAGE_NAME
elif cat /etc/*release | grep ^NAME | grep Debian ; then
echo "==============================================="
echo "Installing packages $DEB_PACKAGE_NAME on Debian"
echo "==============================================="
apt-get update
apt-get install -y $DEB_PACKAGE_NAME
elif cat /etc/*release | grep ^NAME | grep Mint ; then
echo "============================================="
echo "Installing packages $DEB_PACKAGE_NAME on Mint"
echo "============================================="
apt-get update
apt-get install -y $DEB_PACKAGE_NAME
elif cat /etc/*release | grep ^NAME | grep Knoppix ; then
echo "================================================="
echo "Installing packages $DEB_PACKAGE_NAME on Kanoppix"
echo "================================================="
apt-get update
apt-get install -y $DEB_PACKAGE_NAME
else
echo "OS NOT DETECTED, couldn't install package $PACKAGE"
exit 1;
fi
exit 0
Ubuntu Linux的输出示例:
delivery@delivery-E5450$ sudo sh detect_os.sh
[sudo] password for delivery:
NAME="Ubuntu"
===============================================
Installing packages python2.7 python-dev python-pip libssl-dev on Ubuntu
===============================================
Ign http://dl.google.com stable InRelease
Get:1 http://dl.google.com stable Release.gpg [916 B]
Get:2 http://dl.google.com stable Release [1.189 B]
...
