Singleton pattern is the most pervasive pattern in the Spring containerization approach. If we look at that in terms of architectural primitives - they form a blackboard graph of objects, to which every thread can read and write. They do the dramatic act of synchronizing between multiple threads. The very reason why multiple threads need to synchronize is because there are always resources that underlie a computational program, over which contention might occur. Consider what is called a 'last seat problem'. A flight is being booked, but there are multiple ways to do it. For simplicity lets assume that the data about the flight occupancy is stored in a flat file rather than a database. Now, if there are two threads, each functionally different (i.e represented by different endpoints in the webapp) and let one of these threads A, be the thread which a prospective passenger uses to make a booking and the other one B is which a flight manager uses to close the booking - virtually closing the boarding door. Then, if these threads do not use singleton, the flight object would be detached from the real resource out-there, which we say not the actual aeroplane but the entry in the flat file. The A thread would have reference to an object, while the passenger is still fighting a dilemma whether to fly or not and then finally when he makes up his mind, the B thread would already have closed the door. But the object referenced by the A thread would still show one more seat to go. Now, cutting out the RDBMS due to our initial assumption, the system would write a ticket for the passenger and issue it to him eventhough the boarding is closed. Now, in a singleton implementation, the moment the theread B accesses the system, the universal object Flight is updated with status closed. Hence, if the passenger finally makes up his mind and clicks confirm, he would get an error right away. All this would not have been possible without the singleton. Hence, singleton allows you to stay close to the resources and avoids thread contention.

使用单例的方法之一是覆盖一个实例，其中必须有一个“代理”控制对资源的访问。单例在日志记录器中很好，因为它们代理访问，比如说，一个文件，这个文件只能被写入。对于像日志这样的东西，它们提供了一种方法来抽象出对日志文件之类的东西的写操作——你可以将缓存机制包装到你的单例中，等等……

也可以考虑这样一种情况，你有一个应用程序，有许多窗口/线程等，但它需要一个单一的通信点。我曾经使用它来控制我希望应用程序启动的作业。单例程序负责将作业序列化，并将它们的状态显示给程序中其他感兴趣的部分。在这种情况下，你可以把单例对象看作是在应用程序中运行的“服务器”类……HTH

I use it for an object encapsulating command-line parameters when dealing with pluggable modules. The main program doesn't know what the command-line parameters are for modules that get loaded (and doesn't always even know what modules are being loaded). e.g., main loads A, which doesn't need any parameters itself (so why it should take an extra pointer / reference / whatever, I'm not sure - looks like pollution), then loads modules X, Y, and Z. Two of these, say X and Z, need (or accept) parameters, so they call back to the command-line singleton to tell it what parameters to accept, and the at runtime they call back to find out if the user actually has specified any of them.

在很多方面，处理CGI参数的单例方式与你每次查询只使用一个进程类似(其他mod_*方法不这样做，所以这很糟糕——因此这个参数说你不应该在mod_cgi世界中使用单例，以防你移植到mod_perl或其他世界)。

因此，我正在为学校阅读单例模式，教授们策划了一份关于该主题的当前观点和最佳实践的列表。似乎有一个共识，即如果构建时不向代码中添加任何内容，则可以使用单例。如果您使单例使用可以被开启和关闭，并且除了工作负载之外没有其他副作用，那么使用这种设计模式是安全的，也是可取的。

也许是一个带有代码的示例。

在这里，ConcreteRegistry是一个纸牌游戏中的单例，它允许行为沿着包树向上访问游戏的少数核心接口(即模型、视图、控制器、环境等的外观):

http://www.edmundkirwan.com/servlet/fractal/cs1/frac-cs40.html

Ed.

正如大家所说，共享资源——特别是不能处理并发访问的资源。

我所见过的一个具体例子是Lucene搜索索引写入器。