Charset UTF8_CHARSET = Charset.forName("UTF-8");
String strISO = "{\"name\":\"א\"}";
System.out.println(strISO);
byte[] b = strISO.getBytes();
for (byte c: b) {
    System.out.print("[" + c + "]");
}
String str = new String(b, UTF8_CHARSET);
System.out.println(str);

我不能评论，但不想开始一个新的线程。但这行不通。一个简单的往返:

byte[] b = new byte[]{ 0, 0, 0, -127 };  // 0x00000081
String s = new String(b,StandardCharsets.UTF_8); // UTF8 = 0x0000, 0x0000,  0x0000, 0xfffd
b = s.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8); // [0, 0, 0, -17, -65, -67] 0x000000efbfbd != 0x00000081

我需要b[]在编码之前和编码之后是相同的数组(这指向第一个答案)。

非常晚，但我刚刚遇到了这个问题，这是我的解决方案:

private static String removeNonUtf8CompliantCharacters( final String inString ) {
    if (null == inString ) return null;
    byte[] byteArr = inString.getBytes();
    for ( int i=0; i < byteArr.length; i++ ) {
        byte ch= byteArr[i]; 
        // remove any characters outside the valid UTF-8 range as well as all control characters
        // except tabs and new lines
        if ( !( (ch > 31 && ch < 253 ) || ch == '\t' || ch == '\n' || ch == '\r') ) {
            byteArr[i]=' ';
        }
    }
    return new String( byteArr );
}

Charset UTF8_CHARSET = Charset.forName("UTF-8");
String strISO = "{\"name\":\"א\"}";
System.out.println(strISO);
byte[] b = strISO.getBytes();
for (byte c: b) {
    System.out.print("[" + c + "]");
}
String str = new String(b, UTF8_CHARSET);
System.out.println(str);

将字符串转换为字节[]:

String s = "some text here";
byte[] b = s.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);

将字节[]转换为字符串:

byte[] b = {(byte) 99, (byte)97, (byte)116};
String s = new String(b, StandardCharsets.US_ASCII);

当然，您应该使用正确的编码名称。我的示例使用了US-ASCII和UTF-8这两种常用的编码。

Reader reader = new BufferedReader(
    new InputStreamReader(
        new ByteArrayInputStream(
            string.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)), StandardCharsets.UTF_8));