微软的Visual Studio代码编辑器非常不错,但它对构建c++项目没有默认支持。

我如何配置它来做到这一点?


当前回答

有了更新的VS Code,你可以用以下方式做到这一点:

点击(Ctrl+P)并输入:

ext install cpptools

打开一个文件夹(Ctrl+K & Ctrl+O),并在文件夹中创建一个扩展名为.cpp的新文件(例如:hello.cpp): 输入代码并点击保存。 点击(Ctrl+Shift+P和类型,配置任务运行器,然后选择在列表底部的其他。 在同一个文件夹中创建一个名为build.bat的批处理文件,并在文件主体中包含以下代码:

@echo off
call "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\vcvarsall.bat" x64     
set compilerflags=/Od /Zi /EHsc
set linkerflags=/OUT:hello.exe
cl.exe %compilerflags% hello.cpp /link %linkerflags%

编辑任务。Json文件,保存如下:

{
    // See https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=733558
    // for the documentation about the tasks.json format
    "version": "0.1.0",
    "command": "build.bat",
    "isShellCommand": true,
    //"args": ["Hello World"],
    "showOutput": "always"
}

点击(Ctrl+Shift+B运行构建任务。这将为项目创建.obj和.exe文件。 要调试项目,请按F5并选择c++ (Windows)。 在发射。Json文件,编辑以下行并保存文件:

"program": "${workspaceRoot}/hello.exe",

按F5。

其他回答

有一个更简单的方法来编译和运行c++代码,不需要配置:

安装代码运行器扩展 在文本编辑器中打开您的c++代码文件,使用快捷键Ctrl+Alt+N,或者按F1,然后选择/键入运行代码,或者右键单击文本编辑器,然后在上下文菜单中单击运行代码,代码将被编译并运行,输出将显示在输出窗口中。

此外,您可以在设置中更新配置。如果你想使用不同的c++编译器,c++的默认配置如下:

"code-runner.executorMap": {
    "cpp": "g++ $fullFileName && ./a.out"
}

如果你的项目有一个CMake配置,那么设置VSCode就很简单了,比如设置任务。Json如下:

{
    "version": "0.1.0",
    "command": "sh",
    "isShellCommand": true,
    "args": ["-c"],
    "showOutput": "always",
    "suppressTaskName": true,
    "options": {
        "cwd": "${workspaceRoot}/build"
    },
    "tasks": [
        {
            "taskName": "cmake",
            "args": ["cmake ."]
        },
        {
            "taskName": "make",
            "args" : ["make"],
            "isBuildCommand": true,
            "problemMatcher": {
                "owner": "cpp",
                "fileLocation": "absolute",
                "pattern": {
                    "regexp": "^(.*):(\\d+):(\\d+):\\s+(warning|error):\\s+(.*)$",
                    "file": 1,
                    "line": 2,
                    "column": 3,
                    "severity": 4,
                    "message": 5
                }
            }
        }
    ]
}

这假设在工作区的根目录中构建了一个带有CMake配置的文件夹。

还有一个CMake集成扩展,它在VScode中添加了一个“CMake build”命令。

PS !问题matcher是为clang-builds设置的。要使用GCC,我相信你需要将fileLocation更改为relative,但我还没有测试过这个。

要在VS代码中构建/运行c++项目,您需要手动配置任务。Json文件,在工作空间文件夹的。vscode文件夹中。 打开任务。json,按ctrl + shift + P,并键入Configure tasks,并按enter,它将带你到tasks.json

在这里,我提供我的任务。json文件,并添加了一些注释,使文件更容易理解,可以作为配置任务的参考。Json,希望对大家有用

tasks.json

{
    "version": "2.0.0",
   
    "tasks": [
        
        {
            "label": "build & run",     //It's name of the task , you can have several tasks 
            "type": "shell",    //type can be either 'shell' or 'process' , more details will be given below
            "command": "g++",   
            "args": [
                "-g",   //gnu debugging flag , only necessary if you want to perform debugging on file  
                "${file}",  //${file} gives full path of the file
                "-o",   
                "${workspaceFolder}\\build\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}",    //output file name
                "&&",   //to join building and running of the file
                "${workspaceFolder}\\build\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}"
            ],
            "group": {
                "kind": "build",    //defines to which group the task belongs
                "isDefault": true
            },
            "presentation": {   //Explained in detail below
                "echo": false,
                "reveal": "always",
                "focus": true,
                "panel": "shared",
                "clear": false,
                "showReuseMessage": false
            },
            "problemMatcher": "$gcc"
        },
        
    ]
}

现在,直接从VS code任务文档中声明

type属性说明:

type:任务类型。对于自定义任务,这可以是shell或process。如果指定了shell,则对命令进行解释 作为shell命令(例如:bash、cmd或PowerShell)。如果 如果指定了进程,则该命令将被解释为进程到 执行。

控件可以控制终端的行为 任务中的表示属性。json。它提供以下属性:

reveal: Controls whether the Integrated Terminal panel is brought to front. Valid values are: - always - The panel is always brought to front. This is the default - never - The user must explicitly bring the terminal panel to the front using the View > Terminal command (Ctrl+`). - silent - The terminal panel is brought to front only if the output is not scanned for errors and warnings. focus: Controls whether the terminal is taking input focus or not. Default is false. echo: Controls whether the executed command is echoed in the terminal. Default is true. showReuseMessage: Controls whether to show the "Terminal will be reused by tasks, press any key to close it" message. panel: Controls whether the terminal instance is shared between task runs. Possible values are: - shared: The terminal is shared and the output of other task runs are added to the same terminal. - dedicated: The terminal is dedicated to a specific task. If that task is executed again, the terminal is reused. However, the output of a different task is presented in a different terminal. - new: Every execution of that task is using a new clean terminal. clear: Controls whether the terminal is cleared before this task is run. Default is false.

首先,去扩展(Ctrl + Shift + X),并安装2个扩展:

代码跑 C / c++

然后,重新加载VS Code,并选择一个播放按钮在右上角,你的程序运行在输出终端。你可以通过Ctrl + Alt + N看到输出。 要更改其他功能,请转到用户设置。

出于对缺乏清晰文件的失望, 我在github上创建了一个Mac项目,应该可以工作(构建和调试):

vscode-mac-c-example

注意,它需要XCode和VSCode Microsoft cpptools扩展。

我计划在Windows和linux上做同样的事情(除非微软先写了像样的文档…)