让java中的setter返回“this”是好还是坏?
public Employee setName(String name){
this.name = name;
return this;
}
这个模式很有用，因为你可以像这样设置链:
list.add(new Employee().setName("Jack Sparrow").setId(1).setFoo("bacon!"));
而不是这样:
Employee e = new Employee();
e.setName("Jack Sparrow");
...and so on...
list.add(e);
.．.但这有点违背标准惯例。我认为这是值得的因为它可以让setter做一些其他有用的事情。我曾在一些地方看到过这种模式(例如JMock、JPA)，但它似乎并不常见，而且通常只用于定义良好的api，在这些api中这种模式随处可见。
更新:
我所描述的显然是有效的，但我真正想要的是一些关于这是否被普遍接受的想法，以及是否存在任何陷阱或相关的最佳实践。我知道Builder模式，但它比我所描述的要复杂一些——正如Josh Bloch所描述的，有一个用于对象创建的相关静态Builder类。
总结:
它被称为“流畅接口”或“方法链接”。
这不是“标准”Java，尽管你现在看到的越来越多(在jQuery中工作得很好)
它违反了JavaBean规范，因此它将与各种工具和库分开，特别是JSP构建器和Spring。
它可能会阻止JVM通常会做的一些优化
一些人认为它能清理代码，另一些人认为它“可怕”
还有一些没有提到的要点:
This violates the principal that each function should do one (and only one) thing. You may or may not believe in this, but in Java I believe it works well.
IDEs aren't going to generate these for you (by default).
I finally, here's a real-world data point. I have had problems using a library built like this. Hibernate's query builder is an example of this in an existing library. Since Query's set* methods are returning queries, it's impossible to tell just by looking at the signature how to use it. For example:
Query setWhatever(String what);
It introduces an ambiguity: does the method modify the current object (your pattern) or, perhaps Query is really immutable (a very popular and valuable pattern), and the method is returning a new one. It just makes the library harder to use, and many programmers don't exploit this feature. If setters were setters, it would be clearer how to use it.
我同意所有声称这破坏了JavaBeans规范的帖子。有理由保留这一点，但我也觉得使用这个构建器模式(上面提到的)有它的一席之地;只要不是到处都用，就应该是可以接受的。对我来说，“It’s Place”的终点是对“build()”方法的调用。
There are other ways of setting all these things of course, but the advantage here is that it avoids 1) many-parameter public constructors and 2) partially-specified objects. Here, you have the builder collect what's needed and then call its "build()" at the end, which can then ensure that a partially-specified object is not constructed, since that operation can be given less-than-public visibility. The alternative would be "parameter objects", but that IMHO just pushes the problem back one level.
我不喜欢多形参构造函数，因为它们更有可能传入大量相同类型的实参，从而更容易将错误的实参传递给形参。我不喜欢使用大量的setter，因为对象可以在完全配置之前使用。此外，使用“build()”方法更好地实现基于先前选择的默认值的概念。
总之，我认为这是一个很好的实践，如果使用得当。
