Java中的NoClassDefFoundError

定义:

Java虚拟机无法在运行时找到在编译时可用的特定类。 如果一个类在编译时存在，但在运行时在java类路径中不可用。

例子:

The class is not in Classpath, there is no sure shot way of knowing it but many times you can just have a look to print System.getproperty("java.classpath") and it will print the classpath from there you can at least get an idea of your actual runtime classpath. A simple example of NoClassDefFoundError is class belongs to a missing JAR file or JAR was not added into classpath or sometimes jar's name has been changed by someone like in my case one of my colleagues has changed tibco.jar into tibco_v3.jar and the program is failing with java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError and I were wondering what's wrong. Just try to run with explicitly -classpath option with the classpath you think will work and if it's working then it's a sure short sign that someone is overriding java classpath. Permission issue on JAR file can also cause NoClassDefFoundError in Java. Typo on XML Configuration can also cause NoClassDefFoundError in Java. when your compiled class which is defined in a package, doesn’t present in the same package while loading like in the case of JApplet it will throw NoClassDefFoundError in Java.

可能的解决方式:

The class is not available in Java Classpath. If you are working in J2EE environment than the visibility of Class among multiple Classloader can also cause java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError, see examples and scenario section for detailed discussion. Check for java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError in your log file. NoClassDefFoundError due to the failure of static initialization is quite common. Because NoClassDefFoundError is a subclass of java.lang.LinkageError it can also come if one of it dependency like native library may not available. Any start-up script is overriding Classpath environment variable. You might be running your program using jar command and class was not defined in manifest file's ClassPath attribute.

资源:

3种方法解决NoClassDefFoundError

noclassdeffounderror问题模式

对此，我的解决方案是为缺失的特定类“利用”类路径内容。在我的情况下，我有2个依赖项，虽然我能够成功地编译使用javac…，我不能运行产生的类文件使用java…，因为BouncyCastle jar中的Dynamic类不能在运行时加载。

javac --classpath "ext/commons-io-2.11.0;ext/bc-fips-1.0.2.3" hello.java

因此在编译时和运行时，JVM知道在哪里获取Apache Commons和BouncyCastle依赖项，然而，当运行这个时，我得到了

Error: Unable to initialize main class hello
Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: 
org/bouncycastle/jcajce/provider/BouncyCastleFipsProvider

因此，根据类路径，我在相同的位置手动创建了一个名为ext的新文件夹，然后在其中放置了BouncyCastle jar，以确保在运行时可以找到它。只要结果清单中指定了jar的位置，您就可以将jar相对于类文件或jar文件放置。注意，我只需要利用包含丢失类文件的一个jar。

这是由于您的代码所依赖的类文件在编译时存在，但在运行时没有找到。寻找构建时和运行时类路径的差异。

我通过禁用所有模块的preDexLibraries来解决我的问题:

dexOptions {
        preDexLibraries false
        ...

当我没有在项目的Java Build Path中的“Order and export”选项卡上导出一个类时，我得到了NoClassDefFound错误。确保在添加到项目构建路径的任何依赖项的“Order and Export”选项卡中添加一个复选标记。请参见Eclipse警告:XXXXXXXXXXX.jar将不会被导出或发布。可能会导致运行时ClassNotFoundExceptions。

下面的技巧帮助了我很多次:

System.out.println(TheNoDefFoundClass.class.getProtectionDomain().getCodeSource().getLocation());

其中nodeffoundclass是可能会“丢失”的类，这是由于您的程序使用相同库的旧版本的首选项。当客户端软件被部署到一个占主导地位的容器中，并配备了自己的类加载器和大量最流行的库的古老版本时，这种情况最常发生。