I have had an interesting issue wiht NoClassDefFoundError in JavaEE working with Liberty server. I was using IMS resource adapters and my server.xml had already resource adapter for imsudbJXA.rar. When I added new adapter for imsudbXA.rar, I would start getting this error for instance objects for DLIException, IMSConnectionSpec or SQLInteractionSpec. I could not figure why but I resolved it by creating new server.xml for my work using only imsudbXA.rar. I am sure using multiple resource adapters in server.xml is fine, I just had no time to look into that.

当运行时类装入器装入的类不能访问已经由java rootloader装入的类时，我得到NoClassFoundError。因为不同的类装入器在不同的安全域中(根据java)， jvm不允许已经由rootloader装入的类在运行时装入器地址空间中被解析。

使用'java -javaagent:trace .jar[你的java ARGS]'运行程序

它产生显示已加载类的输出，以及加载该类的加载器env。追踪类为什么不能解析是非常有用的。

// ClassLoaderTracer.java
// From: https://blogs.oracle.com/sundararajan/entry/tracing_class_loading_1_5

import java.lang.instrument.*;
import java.security.*;

// manifest.mf
// Premain-Class: ClassLoadTracer

// jar -cvfm tracer.jar manifest.mf ClassLoaderTracer.class

// java -javaagent:tracer.jar  [...]

public class ClassLoadTracer 
{
    public static void premain(String agentArgs, Instrumentation inst) 
    {
        final java.io.PrintStream out = System.out;
        inst.addTransformer(new ClassFileTransformer() {
            public byte[] transform(ClassLoader loader, String className, Class classBeingRedefined, ProtectionDomain protectionDomain, byte[] classfileBuffer) throws IllegalClassFormatException {

                String pd = (null == protectionDomain) ? "null" : protectionDomain.getCodeSource().toString();
                out.println(className + " loaded by " + loader + " at " + new java.util.Date() + " in " + pd);

                // dump stack trace of the thread loading class 
                Thread.dumpStack();

                // we just want the original .class bytes to be loaded!
                // we are not instrumenting it...
                return null;
            }
        });
    }
}

我也遇到了同样的问题，我的存货积压了好几个小时。

我找到了解决办法。在我的例子中，有一个静态方法因此而定义。JVM不能创建该类的另一个对象。

例如,

private static HttpHost proxy = new HttpHost(proxyHost, Integer.valueOf(proxyPort), "http");

当静态初始化器试图加载一个在运行时不可用的资源包时，也会发生NoClassDefFoundError，例如受影响的类试图从META-INF目录加载一个属性文件，但不存在。如果你没有捕获NoClassDefFoundError，有时你将无法看到完整的堆栈跟踪;为了克服这个问题，你可以临时为Throwable使用一个catch子句:

try {
    // Statement(s) that cause(s) the affected class to be loaded
} catch (Throwable t) {
    Logger.getLogger("<logger-name>").info("Loading my class went wrong", t);
}

下面是演示java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError的代码。具体的解释请看Jared的回答。

NoClassDefFoundErrorDemo.java

public class NoClassDefFoundErrorDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            // The following line would throw ExceptionInInitializerError
            SimpleCalculator calculator1 = new SimpleCalculator();
        } catch (Throwable t) {
            System.out.println(t);
        }
        // The following line would cause NoClassDefFoundError
        SimpleCalculator calculator2 = new SimpleCalculator();
    }

}

SimpleCalculator.java

public class SimpleCalculator {
    static int undefined = 1 / 0;
}

这也可能是因为您从具有特定包名的IDE复制了代码文件，并且希望尝试使用终端运行它。您必须首先从代码中删除包名。 这种事发生在我身上。