同一项目的两个不同的签出副本

In my case, the problem was Eclipse's inability to differentiate between two different copies of the same project. I have one locked on trunk (SVN version control) and the other one working in one branch at a time. I tried out one change in the working copy as a JUnit test case, which included extracting a private inner class to be a public class on its own and while it was working, I open the other copy of the project to look around at some other part of the code that needed changes. At some point, the NoClassDefFoundError popped up complaining that the private inner class was not there; double-clicking in the stack trace brought me to the source file in the wrong project copy.

关闭项目的主干副本并再次运行测试用例可以解决这个问题。

当运行时类装入器装入的类不能访问已经由java rootloader装入的类时，我得到NoClassFoundError。因为不同的类装入器在不同的安全域中(根据java)， jvm不允许已经由rootloader装入的类在运行时装入器地址空间中被解析。

使用'java -javaagent:trace .jar[你的java ARGS]'运行程序

它产生显示已加载类的输出，以及加载该类的加载器env。追踪类为什么不能解析是非常有用的。

// ClassLoaderTracer.java
// From: https://blogs.oracle.com/sundararajan/entry/tracing_class_loading_1_5

import java.lang.instrument.*;
import java.security.*;

// manifest.mf
// Premain-Class: ClassLoadTracer

// jar -cvfm tracer.jar manifest.mf ClassLoaderTracer.class

// java -javaagent:tracer.jar  [...]

public class ClassLoadTracer 
{
    public static void premain(String agentArgs, Instrumentation inst) 
    {
        final java.io.PrintStream out = System.out;
        inst.addTransformer(new ClassFileTransformer() {
            public byte[] transform(ClassLoader loader, String className, Class classBeingRedefined, ProtectionDomain protectionDomain, byte[] classfileBuffer) throws IllegalClassFormatException {

                String pd = (null == protectionDomain) ? "null" : protectionDomain.getCodeSource().toString();
                out.println(className + " loaded by " + loader + " at " + new java.util.Date() + " in " + pd);

                // dump stack trace of the thread loading class 
                Thread.dumpStack();

                // we just want the original .class bytes to be loaded!
                // we are not instrumenting it...
                return null;
            }
        });
    }
}

下面是演示java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError的代码。具体的解释请看Jared的回答。

NoClassDefFoundErrorDemo.java

public class NoClassDefFoundErrorDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            // The following line would throw ExceptionInInitializerError
            SimpleCalculator calculator1 = new SimpleCalculator();
        } catch (Throwable t) {
            System.out.println(t);
        }
        // The following line would cause NoClassDefFoundError
        SimpleCalculator calculator2 = new SimpleCalculator();
    }

}

SimpleCalculator.java

public class SimpleCalculator {
    static int undefined = 1 / 0;
}

Java无法在运行时找到类A。 Class A在maven项目ArtClient中，来自不同的工作空间。 因此，我将ArtClient导入到Eclipse项目中。 我的两个项目使用ArtClient作为依赖项。 我将这些库引用更改为项目引用(构建路径->配置构建路径)。

问题就这样解决了。

在我的情况下，由于JDK版本不匹配，我得到了这个错误。当我试图从Intelij运行应用程序时，它不工作，但从命令行运行它就工作了。这是因为Intelij试图用Java 11 JDK运行它，但在命令行上，它是用Java 8 JDK运行的。在文件>项目结构>项目设置>项目SDK下切换设置后，它为我工作了。

如果有人因为java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/apache/log4j/Logger错误来到这里，在我的例子中，它是因为我使用了log4j 2(但我没有添加它附带的所有文件)，而一些依赖库使用了log4j 1。解决方案是添加Log4j 1。X桥:log4j-1.2-api-<version>.jar，随log4j 2而来。更多信息在log4j 2迁移中。