如果你打开AsyncTask类，你可以看到下面的代码。

public abstract class AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> {
    @WorkerThread
    protected abstract Result doInBackground(Params... params);
    @MainThread
    protected void onPreExecute() {
    }
    @SuppressWarnings({"UnusedDeclaration"})
    @MainThread
    protected void onPostExecute(Result result) {
    }
}

AsyncTask的特性

AsyncTask是一个抽象类 AsyncTask有3个泛型参数。 AsyncTask有doInBackground onPreExecute onPostExecute的抽象方法 doInBackground是WorkerThread(你不能更新UI) onPreExecute是主线程 onPostExecute是主线程(你可以更新UI)

例子

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_login);
    mEmailView = (AutoCompleteTextView) findViewById(R.id.email);

    AsyncTask<Void, Void, Post> asyncTask = new AsyncTask<Void, Void, Post>() {
        @Override
        protected Post doInBackground(Void... params) {
            try {
                ApiClient defaultClient = Configuration.getDefaultApiClient();
                String authorization = "eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoxLCJleHAiOjE1ODIxMzM4MTB9.bA3Byc_SuB6jzqUGAY4Pyt4oBNg0VfDRctZ8-PcPlYg"; // String | JWT token for Authorization
                ApiKeyAuth Bearer = (ApiKeyAuth) defaultClient.getAuthentication("Bearer");
                Bearer.setApiKey(authorization);
                PostApi apiInstance = new PostApi();
                String id = "1"; // String | id
                Integer commentPage = 1; // Integer | Page number for Comment
                Integer commentPer = 10; // Integer | Per page number For Comment
                Post result;
                try {
                    result = apiInstance.apiV1PostsIdGet(id, authorization, commentPage, commentPer);
                } catch (ApiException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                    result = new Post();
                }
                return result;
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
                return new Post();
            }
        }

        @Override
        protected void onPostExecute(Post post) {
            super.onPostExecute(post);
            if (post != null) {
                mEmailView.setText(post.getBody());
                System.out.print(post);
            }
        }
    };
    asyncTask.execute();
}

好的，您正在尝试通过另一个线程访问GUI。总的来说，这不是一种好的做法。

AsyncTask在另一个线程中执行doInBackground()中的所有内容，该线程不能访问视图所在的GUI。

preExecute()和postExecute()提供了在这个新线程中发生重大操作之前和之后访问GUI的权限，甚至可以将长时间操作的结果传递给postExecute()，然后显示处理的任何结果。

看到这些行，你稍后更新你的TextView:

TextView txt = findViewById(R.id.output);
txt.setText("Executed");

把它们放在onPostExecute()中。

然后你会看到你的TextView文本更新后，doInBackground完成。

我注意到你的onClick监听器没有检查哪个视图已被选中。我发现最简单的方法是通过switch语句。我有一个完整的类编辑下面所有的建议，以避免混乱。

import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.provider.Settings.System;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;

public class AsyncTaskActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener {

    Button btn;
    AsyncTask<?, ?, ?> runningTask;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);
        btn = findViewById(R.id.button1);

        // Because we implement OnClickListener, we only
        // have to pass "this" (much easier)
        btn.setOnClickListener(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View view) {
        // Detect the view that was "clicked"
        switch (view.getId()) {
        case R.id.button1:
            if (runningTask != null)
                runningTask.cancel(true);
            runningTask = new LongOperation();
            runningTask.execute();
            break;
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        // Cancel running task(s) to avoid memory leaks
        if (runningTask != null)
            runningTask.cancel(true);
    }

    private final class LongOperation extends AsyncTask<Void, Void, String> {

        @Override
        protected String doInBackground(Void... params) {
            for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    // We were cancelled; stop sleeping!
                }
            }
            return "Executed";
        }

        @Override
        protected void onPostExecute(String result) {
            TextView txt = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.output);
            txt.setText("Executed"); // txt.setText(result);
            // You might want to change "executed" for the returned string
            // passed into onPostExecute(), but that is up to you
        }
    }
}

当一个异步任务执行时，该任务经过四个步骤:

onPreExecute () doInBackground (Params…) onProgressUpdate(进步…) onPostExecute(结果)

下面是一个演示示例:

private class DownloadFilesTask extends AsyncTask<URL, Integer, Long> {

    protected Long doInBackground(URL... urls) {
        int count = urls.length;
        long totalSize = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            totalSize += Downloader.downloadFile(urls[i]);
            publishProgress((int) ((i / (float) count) * 100));

            // Escape early if cancel() is called
            if (isCancelled())
                break;
        }
        return totalSize;
    }

    protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... progress) {
        setProgressPercent(progress[0]);
    }

    protected void onPostExecute(Long result) {
        showDialog("Downloaded " + result + " bytes");
    }
 }

一旦你创建了一个任务，执行起来非常简单:

new DownloadFilesTask().execute(url1, url2, url3);

在使用AsyncTask时，有必要创建一个类继任者，并在其中注册我们所需的方法的实现。本节课我们将学习三种方法:

doInBackground -将在一个新线程中执行，在这里我们解决了所有困难的任务。因为非主线程不能访问UI。

onPreExecute -在doInBackground之前执行，并可以访问UI

onPostExecute -在doInBackground之后执行(如果AsyncTask被取消就不工作-关于这个在下一课中)，并可以访问UI。

这是MyAsyncTask类:

class MyAsyncTask extends AsyncTask<Void, Void, Void> {

  @Override
  protected void onPreExecute() {
    super.onPreExecute();
    tvInfo.setText("Start");
  }

  @Override
  protected Void doInBackground(Void... params) {
    // Your background method
    return null;
  }

  @Override
  protected void onPostExecute(Void result) {
    super.onPostExecute(result);
    tvInfo.setText("Finish");
  }
}

这是如何调用你的Activity或Fragment:

MyAsyncTask myAsyncTask = new MyAsyncTask();
myAsyncTask.execute();

我建议使用这个库来做背景工作，让你的生活更轻松:

https://github.com/Arasthel/AsyncJobLibrary

就是这么简单……

AsyncJob.doInBackground(new AsyncJob.OnBackgroundJob() {

    @Override
    public void doOnBackground() {
        startRecording();
    }
});

private class AsyncTaskDemo extends AsyncTask<Void, Void, Void> {

    @Override
    protected void onPreExecute() {
        super.onPreExecute();
        // Showing progress dialog
        progressDialog = new ProgressDialog(this);
        progressDialog.setMessage("Loading...");
        progressDialog.setCancelable(false);
        progressDialog.show();
    }

    @Override
    protected Void doInBackground(Void... arg0) {

        // Do code here

        return null;
    }

    @Override
    protected void onPostExecute(Void result) {
        super.onPostExecute(result);
        // Dismiss the progress dialog
        if (progressDialog.isShowing()) {
            progressDialog.dismiss();
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void onCancelled() {

        super.onCancelled();
        progressDialog.dismiss();
        Toast toast = Toast.makeText(
                          getActivity(),
                          "An error is occurred due to some problem",
                          Toast.LENGTH_LONG);
        toast.setGravity(Gravity.TOP, 25, 400);
        toast.show();
    }

}