我正在阅读有关AsyncTask的文章,并尝试了下面的简单程序。但这似乎并不奏效。我该怎么做呢?

public class AsyncTaskActivity extends Activity {

    Button btn;

    /** Called when the activity is first created. */
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);

        btn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button1);
        btn.setOnClickListener((OnClickListener) this);
    }

    public void onClick(View view){
        new LongOperation().execute("");
    }

    private class LongOperation extends AsyncTask<String, Void, String> {
        @Override
        protected String doInBackground(String... params) {
            for(int i=0;i<5;i++) {
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            TextView txt = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.output);
            txt.setText("Executed");
            return null;
        }

        @Override
        protected void onPostExecute(String result) {
        }

        @Override
        protected void onPreExecute() {
        }

        @Override
        protected void onProgressUpdate(Void... values) {
        }
    }
}

我只是试图在后台进程中5秒后更改标签。

这是我的main.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
              android:layout_width="fill_parent"
              android:layout_height="fill_parent"
              android:orientation="vertical" >
    <ProgressBar
        android:id="@+id/progressBar"
        style="?android:attr/progressBarStyleHorizontal"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:indeterminate="false"
        android:max="10"
        android:padding="10dip">
    </ProgressBar>
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button1"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Start Progress" >
    </Button>
    <TextView android:id="@+id/output"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Replace"/>
</LinearLayout>

当前回答

更改代码如下所示:

@Override
protected void onPostExecute(String result) {

    runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
        public void run() {
            TextView txt = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.output);
            txt.setText("Executed");
        }
    });
}

其他回答

我相信它是正确执行,但你试图改变UI元素在后台线程,这不会做。

修改你的调用和AsyncTask如下:

调用类

注意:我个人建议在任何执行AsyncTask线程的地方使用onPostExecute(),而不是在扩展AsyncTask本身的类中。我认为这使代码更容易阅读,特别是如果你需要AsyncTask在多个地方处理略有不同的结果。

new LongThread() {
    @Override public void onPostExecute(String result) {
        TextView txt = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.output);
        txt.setText(result);
    }
}.execute("");

LongThread类(extends AsyncTask):

@Override
protected String doInBackground(String... params) {
    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
        try {
            Thread.sleep(1000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    return "Executed";
}      

AsyncTask:

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

 private String ApiUrl="your_api";

   @Override
   protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
     super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
     setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
     MyTask myTask=new MyTask();
     try {
         String result=myTask.execute(ApiUrl).get();
         Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),result,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
     } catch (ExecutionException e) {
         e.printStackTrace();
     } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
     }

  }


   public class MyTask extends AsyncTask<String,Void,String>{


    @Override
    protected String doInBackground(String... strings) {
        String result="";
        HttpURLConnection httpURLConnection=null;
        URL url;

        try {
            url=new URL(strings[0]);
            httpURLConnection=(HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
            InputStream inputStream=httpURLConnection.getInputStream();
            InputStreamReader reader=new InputStreamReader(inputStream);
            result=getData(reader);
        } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return result;
    }

    public String getData(InputStreamReader reader) throws IOException{
        String result="";
        int data=reader.read();
        while (data!=-1){
            char now=(char) data;
            result+=data;
            data=reader.read();
        }
        return result;
    }
  }
}

背景/理论

AsyncTask允许你在后台线程上运行一个任务,同时将结果发布到UI线程。

用户应该始终能够与应用程序进行交互,所以这很重要 以避免阻塞主(UI)线程的任务,如 从网上下载内容。 这就是我们使用AsyncTask的原因。 它通过包装UI线程消息队列和处理程序提供了一个简单的接口,允许您发送和处理来自其他线程的可运行对象和消息。

实现

AsyncTask是一个泛型类。(它在构造函数中接受参数化类型。)

它使用以下三种泛型类型:

Params -执行时发送给任务的参数类型。

进度-在后台计算期间发布的进度单元的类型。

结果——后台计算结果的类型。

异步任务并不总是使用所有类型。要将一个类型标记为未使用的,只需使用类型Void: 私有类MyTask扩展AsyncTask<Void, Void, Void>{…}

这三个参数对应三个你可以在AsyncTask中覆盖的主要函数:

doInBackground (Params…) onProgressUpdate(进步…) onPostExecute(结果)

执行AsyncTask

调用execute(),并将参数发送给后台任务。

会发生什么

On main/UI thread, onPreExecute() is called. To initialize something in this thread. (E.g. show a progress bar on the user interface.) On a background thread, doInBackground(Params...) is called. (Params were passed via execute.) Where the long-running task should happen. Must override at least doInBackground() to use AsyncTask. Call publishProgress(Progress...) to update the user interface with a display of progress (e.g. UI animation or log text printed) while the background computation is still executing. Causes onProgressUpdate() to be called. On the background thread a result is returned from doInBackground(). (This triggers the next step.) On main/UI thread, onPostExecute() is called with the returned result.

例子

在这两个例子中,“阻塞任务”都是从网上下载的。

示例A下载图像并在ImageView中显示它,而 例B下载一些文件。

一个例子

doInBackground()方法下载图像并将其存储在BitMap类型的对象中。onPostExecute()方法获取位图并将其放置在ImageView中。

class DownloadImageTask extends AsyncTask<String, Void, Bitmap> {
    ImageView bitImage;

    public DownloadImageTask(ImageView bitImage) {
        this.bitImage = bitImage;
    }

    protected Bitmap doInBackground(String... urls) {
        String urldisplay = urls[0];
        Bitmap mBmp = null;
        try {
            InputStream in = new java.net.URL(urldisplay).openStream();
            mBmp = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(in);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            Log.e("Error", e.getMessage());
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return mBmp;
    }

    protected void onPostExecute(Bitmap result) {
        bitImage.setImageBitmap(result);
    }
}

例B

 private class DownloadFilesTask extends AsyncTask<URL, Integer, Long> {
     protected Long doInBackground(URL... urls) {
         int count = urls.length;
         long totalSize = 0;
         for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
             totalSize += Downloader.downloadFile(urls[i]);
             publishProgress((int) ((i / (float) count) * 100));
             // Escape early if cancel() is called
             if (isCancelled()) break;
         }
         return totalSize;
     }

     protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... progress) {
         setProgressPercent(progress[0]);
     }

     protected void onPostExecute(Long result) {
         showDialog("Downloaded " + result + " bytes");
     }
 }

例B执行

new DownloadFilesTask().execute(url1, url2, url3);

我建议使用这个库来做背景工作,让你的生活更轻松:

https://github.com/Arasthel/AsyncJobLibrary

就是这么简单……

AsyncJob.doInBackground(new AsyncJob.OnBackgroundJob() {

    @Override
    public void doOnBackground() {
        startRecording();
    }
});

这里的概念和代码

我已经创建了一个简单的例子使用AsyncTask的Android。它从onPreExecute(), doInBackground(), publishProgress()开始,最后是onProgressUpdate()。

在这种情况下,doInBackground()作为后台线程工作,而其他线程在UI线程中工作。你不能访问doInBackground()中的UI元素。顺序和我之前提到的一样。

然而,如果你需要从doInBackground更新任何小部件,你可以从doInBackground发布进度,它会调用onProgressUpdate来更新你的UI小部件。

class TestAsync extends AsyncTask<Void, Integer, String> {
    String TAG = getClass().getSimpleName();

    protected void onPreExecute() {
        super.onPreExecute();
        Log.d(TAG + " PreExceute","On pre Exceute......");
    }

    protected String doInBackground(Void...arg0) {
        Log.d(TAG + " DoINBackGround", "On doInBackground...");

        for (int i=0; i<10; i++){
            Integer in = new Integer(i);
            publishProgress(i);
        }
        return "You are at PostExecute";
    }

    protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer...a) {
        super.onProgressUpdate(a);
        Log.d(TAG + " onProgressUpdate", "You are in progress update ... " + a[0]);
    }

    protected void onPostExecute(String result) {
        super.onPostExecute(result);
        Log.d(TAG + " onPostExecute", "" + result);
    }
}

在你的活动中这样称呼它:

new TestAsync().execute();

开发人员参考资料