Swift 3:另一个解决方案(在操场测试)

extension String {
    func substr(_ start:Int, length:Int=0) -> String? {
        guard start > -1 else {
            return nil
        }

        let count = self.characters.count - 1

        guard start <= count else {
            return nil
        }

        let startOffset = max(0, start)
        let endOffset = length > 0 ? min(count, startOffset + length - 1) : count

        return self[self.index(self.startIndex, offsetBy: startOffset)...self.index(self.startIndex, offsetBy: endOffset)]
    }
}

用法:

let txt = "12345"

txt.substr(-1) //nil
txt.substr(0) //"12345"
txt.substr(0, length: 0) //"12345"
txt.substr(1) //"2345"
txt.substr(2) //"345"
txt.substr(3) //"45"
txt.substr(4) //"5"
txt.substr(6) //nil
txt.substr(0, length: 1) //"1"
txt.substr(1, length: 1) //"2"
txt.substr(2, length: 1) //"3"
txt.substr(3, length: 1) //"4"
txt.substr(3, length: 2) //"45"
txt.substr(3, length: 3) //"45"
txt.substr(4, length: 1) //"5"
txt.substr(4, length: 2) //"5"
txt.substr(5, length: 1) //nil
txt.substr(5, length: -1) //nil
txt.substr(-1, length: -1) //nil

你也可以像这样将字符串转换为字符数组:

let text = "My Text"
let index = 2
let charSequence = text.unicodeScalars.map{ Character($0) }
let char = charSequence[index]

这是在常数时间内在指定索引处获取char的方法。

下面的示例不是在常数时间内运行，而是需要线性时间。所以如果你有很多搜索字符串索引使用上述方法。

let char = text[text.startIndex.advancedBy(index)]

swift字符串类不提供在特定索引处获取字符的能力，因为它本身支持UTF字符。UTF字符在内存中的可变长度使得直接跳转到字符是不可能的。这意味着每次都必须手动遍历字符串。

您可以扩展String以提供一个方法，该方法将遍历字符，直到您需要的索引

extension String {
    func characterAtIndex(index: Int) -> Character? {
        var cur = 0
        for char in self {
            if cur == index {
                return char
            }
            cur++
        }
        return nil
    }
}

myString.characterAtIndex(0)!

不使用整数进行索引，只使用String.Index。主要是线性复杂度。您还可以从String中创建范围。索引并使用它们获取子字符串。

斯威夫特3.0

let firstChar = someString[someString.startIndex]
let lastChar = someString[someString.index(before: someString.endIndex)]
let charAtIndex = someString[someString.index(someString.startIndex, offsetBy: 10)]

let range = someString.startIndex..<someString.index(someString.startIndex, offsetBy: 10)
let substring = someString[range]

快2.倍

let firstChar = someString[someString.startIndex]
let lastChar = someString[someString.endIndex.predecessor()]
let charAtIndex = someString[someString.startIndex.advanceBy(10)]

let range = someString.startIndex..<someString.startIndex.advanceBy(10)
let subtring = someString[range]

请注意，不能使用从一个字符串到另一个字符串创建的索引(或范围)

let index10 = someString.startIndex.advanceBy(10)

//will compile
//sometimes it will work but sometimes it will crash or result in undefined behaviour
let charFromAnotherString = anotherString[index10]

Swift的String类型没有提供characterAtIndex方法，因为Unicode字符串有几种编码方式。你要用UTF8, UTF16，还是别的?

您可以通过检索String来访问CodeUnit集合。utf8和String。utf16属性。您还可以通过检索String来访问UnicodeScalar集合。unicodeScalars财产。

在NSString实现的精神中，我返回一个unichar类型。

extension String
{
    func characterAtIndex(index:Int) -> unichar
    {
        return self.utf16[index]
    }

    // Allows us to use String[index] notation
    subscript(index:Int) -> unichar
    {
        return characterAtIndex(index)
    }
}

let text = "Hello Swift!"
let firstChar = text[0]

如果你看到不能下标一个类型为'String'的值…使用这个扩展:

斯威夫特3

extension String {
    subscript (i: Int) -> Character {
        return self[self.characters.index(self.startIndex, offsetBy: i)]
    }

    subscript (i: Int) -> String {
        return String(self[i] as Character)
    }

    subscript (r: Range<Int>) -> String {
        let start = index(startIndex, offsetBy: r.lowerBound)
        let end = index(startIndex, offsetBy: r.upperBound)
        return self[start..<end]
    }

    subscript (r: ClosedRange<Int>) -> String {
        let start = index(startIndex, offsetBy: r.lowerBound)
        let end = index(startIndex, offsetBy: r.upperBound)
        return self[start...end]
    }
}

斯威夫特2.3

extension String {
    subscript(integerIndex: Int) -> Character {
        let index = advance(startIndex, integerIndex)
        return self[index]
    }

    subscript(integerRange: Range<Int>) -> String {
        let start = advance(startIndex, integerRange.startIndex)
        let end = advance(startIndex, integerRange.endIndex)
        let range = start..<end
        return self[range]
    }
}

来源:http://oleb.net/blog/2014/07/swift-strings/