我想指出的是，如果你有一个很大的字符串，并且需要从中随机访问许多字符，你可能想要支付额外的内存成本，并将字符串转换为一个数组以获得更好的性能:

// Pay up front for O(N) memory
let chars = Array(veryLargeString.characters)

for i in 0...veryLargeNumber {
    // Benefit from O(1) access
    print(chars[i])
}

在Swift 5中，不扩展字符串:

var str = "ABCDEFGH"
for char in str {
if(char == "C") { }
}

以上Swift代码与Java代码相同:

int n = 8;
var str = "ABCDEFGH"
for (int i=0; i<n; i++) {
if (str.charAt(i) == 'C') { }
}

这是一个你可以使用的扩展，与Swift 3.1一起工作。单个索引将返回一个字符，这在索引字符串时似乎很直观，而范围将返回一个字符串。

extension String {
    subscript (i: Int) -> Character {
        return Array(self.characters)[i]
    }
    
    subscript (r: CountableClosedRange<Int>) -> String {
        return String(Array(self.characters)[r])
    }
    
    subscript (r: CountableRange<Int>) -> String {
        return self[r.lowerBound...r.upperBound-1]
    }
}

扩展的一些例子:

let string = "Hello"

let c1 = string[1]  // Character "e"
let c2 = string[-1] // fatal error: Index out of range

let r1 = string[1..<4] // String "ell"
let r2 = string[1...4] // String "ello"
let r3 = string[1...5] // fatal error: Array index is out of range

如果需要的话，你可以在上面的扩展中添加一个额外的方法来返回一个包含单个字符的String:

subscript (i: Int) -> String {
    return String(self[i])
}

注意，在索引字符串时，你必须显式地指定你想要的类型:

let c: Character = string[3] // Character "l"
let s: String = string[0]    // String "H"

顺便说一句，有几个函数可以直接应用于String的字符链表示，像这样:

var string = "Hello, playground"
let firstCharacter = string.characters.first // returns "H"
let lastCharacter = string.characters.last // returns "d"

结果类型为Character，但可以将其转换为String。

或:

let reversedString = String(string.characters.reverse())
// returns "dnuorgyalp ,olleH" 

:-)

Swift 3:另一个解决方案(在操场测试)

extension String {
    func substr(_ start:Int, length:Int=0) -> String? {
        guard start > -1 else {
            return nil
        }

        let count = self.characters.count - 1

        guard start <= count else {
            return nil
        }

        let startOffset = max(0, start)
        let endOffset = length > 0 ? min(count, startOffset + length - 1) : count

        return self[self.index(self.startIndex, offsetBy: startOffset)...self.index(self.startIndex, offsetBy: endOffset)]
    }
}

用法:

let txt = "12345"

txt.substr(-1) //nil
txt.substr(0) //"12345"
txt.substr(0, length: 0) //"12345"
txt.substr(1) //"2345"
txt.substr(2) //"345"
txt.substr(3) //"45"
txt.substr(4) //"5"
txt.substr(6) //nil
txt.substr(0, length: 1) //"1"
txt.substr(1, length: 1) //"2"
txt.substr(2, length: 1) //"3"
txt.substr(3, length: 1) //"4"
txt.substr(3, length: 2) //"45"
txt.substr(3, length: 3) //"45"
txt.substr(4, length: 1) //"5"
txt.substr(4, length: 2) //"5"
txt.substr(5, length: 1) //nil
txt.substr(5, length: -1) //nil
txt.substr(-1, length: -1) //nil

斯威夫特3

extension String {

    public func charAt(_ i: Int) -> Character {
        return self[self.characters.index(self.startIndex, offsetBy: i)]
    }

    public subscript (i: Int) -> String {
        return String(self.charAt(i) as Character)
    }

    public subscript (r: Range<Int>) -> String {
        return substring(with: self.characters.index(self.startIndex, offsetBy: r.lowerBound)..<self.characters.index(self.startIndex, offsetBy: r.upperBound))
    }

    public subscript (r: CountableClosedRange<Int>) -> String {
        return substring(with: self.characters.index(self.startIndex, offsetBy: r.lowerBound)..<self.characters.index(self.startIndex, offsetBy: r.upperBound))
    }

}

使用

let str = "Hello World"
let sub = str[0...4]

有用的编程技巧和技巧(我写的)