我怎样才能得到字符串的第n个字符?我尝试了括号([])访问器,没有运气。
var string = "Hello, world!"
var firstChar = string[0] // Throws error
错误:'下标'是不可用的:不能下标String与Int,请参阅文档注释讨论
我怎样才能得到字符串的第n个字符?我尝试了括号([])访问器,没有运气。
var string = "Hello, world!"
var firstChar = string[0] // Throws error
错误:'下标'是不可用的:不能下标String与Int,请参阅文档注释讨论
当前回答
斯威夫特4.2
这个答案是理想的,因为它在一个扩展中扩展了String及其所有子序列(Substring)
public extension StringProtocol {
public subscript (i: Int) -> Element {
return self[index(startIndex, offsetBy: i)]
}
public subscript (bounds: CountableClosedRange<Int>) -> SubSequence {
let start = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.lowerBound)
let end = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.upperBound)
return self[start...end]
}
public subscript (bounds: CountableRange<Int>) -> SubSequence {
let start = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.lowerBound)
let end = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.upperBound)
return self[start..<end]
}
public subscript (bounds: PartialRangeUpTo<Int>) -> SubSequence {
let end = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.upperBound)
return self[startIndex..<end]
}
public subscript (bounds: PartialRangeThrough<Int>) -> SubSequence {
let end = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.upperBound)
return self[startIndex...end]
}
public subscript (bounds: CountablePartialRangeFrom<Int>) -> SubSequence {
let start = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.lowerBound)
return self[start..<endIndex]
}
}
使用
var str = "Hello, playground"
print(str[5...][...5][0])
// Prints ","
其他回答
这是一个你可以使用的扩展,与Swift 3.1一起工作。单个索引将返回一个字符,这在索引字符串时似乎很直观,而范围将返回一个字符串。
extension String {
subscript (i: Int) -> Character {
return Array(self.characters)[i]
}
subscript (r: CountableClosedRange<Int>) -> String {
return String(Array(self.characters)[r])
}
subscript (r: CountableRange<Int>) -> String {
return self[r.lowerBound...r.upperBound-1]
}
}
扩展的一些例子:
let string = "Hello"
let c1 = string[1] // Character "e"
let c2 = string[-1] // fatal error: Index out of range
let r1 = string[1..<4] // String "ell"
let r2 = string[1...4] // String "ello"
let r3 = string[1...5] // fatal error: Array index is out of range
如果需要的话,你可以在上面的扩展中添加一个额外的方法来返回一个包含单个字符的String:
subscript (i: Int) -> String {
return String(self[i])
}
注意,在索引字符串时,你必须显式地指定你想要的类型:
let c: Character = string[3] // Character "l"
let s: String = string[0] // String "H"
斯威夫特4
let str = "My String"
索引处的字符串
let index = str.index(str.startIndex, offsetBy: 3)
String(str[index]) // "S"
子字符串
let startIndex = str.index(str.startIndex, offsetBy: 3)
let endIndex = str.index(str.startIndex, offsetBy: 7)
String(str[startIndex...endIndex]) // "Strin"
前n个字符
let startIndex = str.index(str.startIndex, offsetBy: 3)
String(str[..<startIndex]) // "My "
最后n个字符
let startIndex = str.index(str.startIndex, offsetBy: 3)
String(str[startIndex...]) // "String"
Swift 2和3
str = "My String"
**字符串索引**
斯威夫特2
let charAtIndex = String(str[str.startIndex.advancedBy(3)]) // charAtIndex = "S"
斯威夫特3
str[str.index(str.startIndex, offsetBy: 3)]
子字符串fromIndex toIndex
斯威夫特2
let subStr = str[str.startIndex.advancedBy(3)...str.startIndex.advancedBy(7)] // subStr = "Strin"
斯威夫特3
str[str.index(str.startIndex, offsetBy: 3)...str.index(str.startIndex, offsetBy: 7)]
前n个字符
let first2Chars = String(str.characters.prefix(2)) // first2Chars = "My"
最后n个字符
let last3Chars = String(str.characters.suffix(3)) // last3Chars = "ing"
斯威夫特3:
extension String {
func substring(fromPosition: UInt, toPosition: UInt) -> String? {
guard fromPosition <= toPosition else {
return nil
}
guard toPosition < UInt(characters.count) else {
return nil
}
let start = index(startIndex, offsetBy: String.IndexDistance(fromPosition))
let end = index(startIndex, offsetBy: String.IndexDistance(toPosition) + 1)
let range = start..<end
return substring(with: range)
}
}
"ffaabbcc".substring(fromPosition: 2, toPosition: 5) // return "aabb"
斯威夫特5.1
这可能是所有答案中最简单的一个。
添加这个扩展:
extension String {
func retrieveFirstCharacter() -> String? {
guard self.count > 0 else { return nil }
let numberOfCharacters = self.count
return String(self.dropLast(numberOfCharacters - 1))
}
}
顺便说一句,有几个函数可以直接应用于String的字符链表示,像这样:
var string = "Hello, playground"
let firstCharacter = string.characters.first // returns "H"
let lastCharacter = string.characters.last // returns "d"
结果类型为Character,但可以将其转换为String。
或:
let reversedString = String(string.characters.reverse())
// returns "dnuorgyalp ,olleH"
:-)