我正在使用ListView来显示与这些图像相关的一些图像和标题。我正在从互联网上获取图像。是否有一种方法可以延迟加载图像，以便在文本显示时，UI不会被阻止，图像在下载时显示？
图像总数不是固定的。
当前回答
更新：请注意，这个答案现在非常无效。垃圾回收器对SoftReference和WeakReference进行攻击，因此此代码不适用于新应用。（相反，请尝试其他答案中建议的通用图像加载器之类的库。）
感谢James提供的代码，感谢鲍龙提供的使用SoftReference的建议。我在James的代码上实现了SoftReference更改。不幸的是，SoftReferences导致我的图像被垃圾收集得太快。在我的情况下，没有SoftReference的东西很好，因为我的列表大小有限，图像也很小。
一年前有一场关于谷歌群组上SoftReferences的讨论：链接到线程。作为过早垃圾收集的解决方案，他们建议使用dalvik.system.VMRuntime.setMinimumHeapSize（）手动设置VM堆大小，这对我来说不是很有吸引力。
public DrawableManager() {
drawableMap = new HashMap<String, SoftReference<Drawable>>();
}
public Drawable fetchDrawable(String urlString) {
SoftReference<Drawable> drawableRef = drawableMap.get(urlString);
if (drawableRef != null) {
Drawable drawable = drawableRef.get();
if (drawable != null)
return drawable;
// Reference has expired so remove the key from drawableMap
drawableMap.remove(urlString);
}
if (Constants.LOGGING) Log.d(this.getClass().getSimpleName(), "image url:" + urlString);
try {
InputStream is = fetch(urlString);
Drawable drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(is, "src");
drawableRef = new SoftReference<Drawable>(drawable);
drawableMap.put(urlString, drawableRef);
if (Constants.LOGGING) Log.d(this.getClass().getSimpleName(), "got a thumbnail drawable: " + drawable.getBounds() + ", "
+ drawable.getIntrinsicHeight() + "," + drawable.getIntrinsicWidth() + ", "
+ drawable.getMinimumHeight() + "," + drawable.getMinimumWidth());
return drawableRef.get();
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
if (Constants.LOGGING) Log.e(this.getClass().getSimpleName(), "fetchDrawable failed", e);
return null;
} catch (IOException e) {
if (Constants.LOGGING) Log.e(this.getClass().getSimpleName(), "fetchDrawable failed", e);
return null;
}
}
public void fetchDrawableOnThread(final String urlString, final ImageView imageView) {
SoftReference<Drawable> drawableRef = drawableMap.get(urlString);
if (drawableRef != null) {
Drawable drawable = drawableRef.get();
if (drawable != null) {
imageView.setImageDrawable(drawableRef.get());
return;
}
// Reference has expired so remove the key from drawableMap
drawableMap.remove(urlString);
}
final Handler handler = new Handler() {
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message message) {
imageView.setImageDrawable((Drawable) message.obj);
}
};
Thread thread = new Thread() {
@Override
public void run() {
//TODO : set imageView to a "pending" image
Drawable drawable = fetchDrawable(urlString);
Message message = handler.obtainMessage(1, drawable);
handler.sendMessage(message);
}
};
thread.start();
}
其他回答
以下是我创建的用于保存应用程序当前显示的图像的内容。请注意，这里使用的“Log”对象是我对Android中最终Log类的自定义包装。
package com.wilson.android.library;
/*
Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
distributed with this work for additional information
regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
"License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
software distributed under the License is distributed on an
"AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
specific language governing permissions and limitations
under the License.
*/
import java.io.IOException;
public class DrawableManager {
private final Map<String, Drawable> drawableMap;
public DrawableManager() {
drawableMap = new HashMap<String, Drawable>();
}
public Drawable fetchDrawable(String urlString) {
if (drawableMap.containsKey(urlString)) {
return drawableMap.get(urlString);
}
Log.d(this.getClass().getSimpleName(), "image url:" + urlString);
try {
InputStream is = fetch(urlString);
Drawable drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(is, "src");
if (drawable != null) {
drawableMap.put(urlString, drawable);
Log.d(this.getClass().getSimpleName(), "got a thumbnail drawable: " + drawable.getBounds() + ", "
+ drawable.getIntrinsicHeight() + "," + drawable.getIntrinsicWidth() + ", "
+ drawable.getMinimumHeight() + "," + drawable.getMinimumWidth());
} else {
Log.w(this.getClass().getSimpleName(), "could not get thumbnail");
}
return drawable;
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
Log.e(this.getClass().getSimpleName(), "fetchDrawable failed", e);
return null;
} catch (IOException e) {
Log.e(this.getClass().getSimpleName(), "fetchDrawable failed", e);
return null;
}
}
public void fetchDrawableOnThread(final String urlString, final ImageView imageView) {
if (drawableMap.containsKey(urlString)) {
imageView.setImageDrawable(drawableMap.get(urlString));
}
final Handler handler = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper()) {
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message message) {
imageView.setImageDrawable((Drawable) message.obj);
}
};
Thread thread = new Thread() {
@Override
public void run() {
//TODO : set imageView to a "pending" image
Drawable drawable = fetchDrawable(urlString);
Message message = handler.obtainMessage(1, drawable);
handler.sendMessage(message);
}
};
thread.start();
}
private InputStream fetch(String urlString) throws MalformedURLException, IOException {
DefaultHttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();
HttpGet request = new HttpGet(urlString);
HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(request);
return response.getEntity().getContent();
}
}
对于那些对使用什么库来延迟加载图像犹豫不决的人来说，这只是一个快速提示：
有四种基本方法。
DIY=>不是最好的解决方案，但对于一些图像，如果你想不使用其他库的麻烦Volley的懒加载库=>来自android的家伙。它很好，一切都很好，但文档记录很差，因此使用起来有问题。毕加索：一个简单可行的解决方案，你甚至可以指定你想要引入的图像大小。它非常简单，但对于需要处理大量图像的应用程序来说，可能不是很“高效”。UIL：延迟加载图像的最佳方式。您可以缓存图像（当然需要权限），初始化加载程序一次，然后完成工作。迄今为止，我见过最成熟的异步图像加载库。
更新：如果您正在寻找2020年由Kotlin Coroutines支持的解决方案，请尝试Coil。
Coil是Coroutine Image Loader的缩写。
特征
快速：Coil执行许多优化，包括内存和磁盘缓存、在内存中对图像进行下采样、重新使用位图、自动暂停/取消请求等。轻量级：Coil为您的APK添加了约2000个方法（适用于已经使用OkHttp和Coroutines的应用程序），这与毕加索不相上下，明显少于Glide和Fresco。易于使用：Coil的API利用了Kotlin的语言特性，以实现简单和最小的样板。现代：Coil首先是Kotlin，它使用了包括Coroutines、OkHttp、Okio和AndroidX Lifecycles在内的现代库。
渐变设置：
线圈在mavenCentral（）上可用。
implementation("io.coil-kt:coil:1.0.0")
快速入门
要将图像加载到ImageView中，请使用加载扩展函数：
// URL
imageView.load("https://www.example.com/image.jpg")
// Resource
imageView.load(R.drawable.image)
// File
imageView.load(File("/path/to/image.jpg"))
或在后台线程上
// Coil (suspends the current coroutine; non-blocking and thread safe)
val request = ImageRequest.Builder(context)
.data(url)
.size(width, height)
.build()
val drawable = context.imageLoader.execute(request).drawable
您也可以从Picasso/Glide迁移
此处提供完整文档
使用滑动库。它适用于我，也适用于你的代码。它也适用于图像和gif。
ImageView imageView = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.test_image);
GlideDrawableImageViewTarget imagePreview = new GlideDrawableImageViewTarget(imageView);
Glide
.with(this)
.load(url)
.listener(new RequestListener<String, GlideDrawable>() {
@Override
public boolean onException(Exception e, String model, Target<GlideDrawable> target, boolean isFirstResource) {
return false;
}
@Override
public boolean onResourceReady(GlideDrawable resource, String model, Target<GlideDrawable> target, boolean isFromMemoryCache, boolean isFirstResource) {
return false;
}
})
.into(imagePreview);
}
使用下面的类来下载和加载listview中的图像。它会在下载后缓存每个图像。还加载图像和延迟加载。
package com.fudiyoxpress.images;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.WeakHashMap;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import android.content.Context;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import com.fudiyoxpress.R;
import com.fudiyoxpress.config.Config;
import com.fudiyoxpress.twitter.ScaleBitmap;
public class ImageLoader {
// Initialize MemoryCache
MemoryCache memoryCache = new MemoryCache();
FileCache fileCache;
Context C;
// Create Map (collection) to store image and image url in key value pair
private Map<ImageView, String> imageViews = Collections
.synchronizedMap(new WeakHashMap<ImageView, String>());
ExecutorService executorService;
// handler to display images in UI thread
Handler handler = new Handler();
public ImageLoader(Context context) {
C = context;
fileCache = new FileCache(context);
// Creates a thread pool that reuses a fixed number of
// threads operating off a shared unbounded queue.
executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);
}
// default image show in list (Before online image download)
final int stub_id = R.drawable.restlogoplaceholder;
public void DisplayImage(String url, ImageView imageView, Context context,
boolean header_flag) {
Bitmap largeIcon = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(context.getResources(),
R.drawable.restlogoplaceholder);
header_flag = false;
// Store image and url in Map
imageViews.put(imageView, url);
// Check image is stored in MemoryCache Map or not (see
// MemoryCache.java)
Bitmap bitmap = memoryCache.get(url);
if (bitmap != null) {
// if image is stored in MemoryCache Map then
// Show image in listview row
Bitmap b = ScaleBitmap
.getScaledBitmap(context, bitmap, header_flag);
imageView.setImageBitmap(b);
} else {
// queue Photo to download from url
queuePhoto(url, imageView, header_flag);
// Before downloading image show default image
imageView.setImageBitmap(ScaleBitmap.getScaledBitmap(context,
largeIcon, header_flag));
}
}
private void queuePhoto(String url, ImageView imageView, boolean header_flag) {
// Store image and url in PhotoToLoad object
PhotoToLoad p = new PhotoToLoad(url, imageView, header_flag);
// pass PhotoToLoad object to PhotosLoader runnable class
// and submit PhotosLoader runnable to executers to run runnable
// Submits a PhotosLoader runnable task for execution
executorService.submit(new PhotosLoader(p));
}
// Task for the queue
private class PhotoToLoad {
public String url;
public ImageView imageView;
public boolean b;
public PhotoToLoad(String u, ImageView i, boolean header_flag) {
url = u;
imageView = i;
b = header_flag;
}
}
class PhotosLoader implements Runnable {
PhotoToLoad photoToLoad;
PhotosLoader(PhotoToLoad photoToLoad) {
this.photoToLoad = photoToLoad;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
// Check if image already downloaded
if (imageViewReused(photoToLoad))
return;
// download image from web url
Bitmap bmp = getBitmap(photoToLoad.url);
// set image data in Memory Cache
memoryCache.put(photoToLoad.url, bmp);
if (imageViewReused(photoToLoad))
return;
// Get bitmap to display
BitmapDisplayer bd = new BitmapDisplayer(bmp, photoToLoad);
// Causes the Runnable bd (BitmapDisplayer) to be added to the
// message queue.
// The runnable will be run on the thread to which this handler
// is attached.
// BitmapDisplayer run method will call
handler.post(bd);
} catch (Throwable th) {
// th.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
private Bitmap getBitmap(String url) {
File f = fileCache.getFile(url);
// from SD cache
// CHECK : if trying to decode file which not exist in cache return null
Bitmap b = decodeFile(f);
if (b != null)
return b;
// Download image file from web
try {
// // download the image
Bitmap bitmap = null;
URL imageURL = null;
try {
imageURL = new URL(Config.WEB_URL + "/ServeBlob?id=" + url);
HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) imageURL
.openConnection();
connection.setDoInput(true);
connection.connect();
// if(!(new File(imageURL.toString())).exists())
// {
// imageURL=new URL("");
// }
InputStream inputStream = connection.getInputStream();
// Constructs a new FileOutputStream that writes to
// file
// if file not exist then it will create file
OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(f);
// See Utils class CopyStream method
// It will each pixel from input stream and
// write pixels to output stream (file)
Utils.CopyStream(inputStream, os);
os.close();
BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
options.inSampleSize = 8;
bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(inputStream, null, options);
} catch (IOException e) {
// e.printStackTrace();
}
// Now file created and going to resize file with defined height
// Decodes image and scales it to reduce memory consumption
bitmap = decodeFile(f);
return bitmap;
} catch (Throwable ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
if (ex instanceof OutOfMemoryError)
memoryCache.clear();
return null;
}
}
// Decodes image and scales it to reduce memory consumption
private Bitmap decodeFile(File f) {
try {
// Decode image size
BitmapFactory.Options o = new BitmapFactory.Options();
o.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
FileInputStream stream1 = new FileInputStream(f);
BitmapFactory.decodeStream(stream1, null, o);
stream1.close();
// Find the correct scale value. It should be the power of 2.
// Set width/height of recreated image
final int REQUIRED_SIZE = 85;
int width_tmp = o.outWidth, height_tmp = o.outHeight;
int scale = 1;
while (true) {
if (width_tmp / 2 < REQUIRED_SIZE
|| height_tmp / 2 < REQUIRED_SIZE)
break;
width_tmp /= 2;
height_tmp /= 2;
scale *= 2;
}
// decode with current scale values
BitmapFactory.Options o2 = new BitmapFactory.Options();
o2.inSampleSize = scale;
FileInputStream stream2 = new FileInputStream(f);
Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(stream2, null, o2);
stream2.close();
return bitmap;
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
boolean imageViewReused(PhotoToLoad photoToLoad) {
String tag = imageViews.get(photoToLoad.imageView);
// Check url is already exist in imageViews MAP
if (tag == null || !tag.equals(photoToLoad.url))
return true;
return false;
}
// Used to display bitmap in the UI thread
class BitmapDisplayer implements Runnable {
Bitmap bitmap;
PhotoToLoad photoToLoad;
public BitmapDisplayer(Bitmap b, PhotoToLoad p) {
bitmap = b;
photoToLoad = p;
}
public void run() {
if (imageViewReused(photoToLoad))
return;
// Show bitmap on UI
if (bitmap != null) {
photoToLoad.imageView.setImageBitmap(ScaleBitmap
.getScaledBitmap(C, bitmap, photoToLoad.b));
} else {
}
// photoToLoad.imageView.setImageResource(stub_id);
}
}
public void clearCache() {
// Clear cache directory downloaded images and stored data in maps
memoryCache.clear();
fileCache.clear();
}
}
package com.fudiyoxpress.images;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.util.Log;
public class MemoryCache {
private static final String TAG = "MemoryCache";
//Last argument true for LRU ordering
private Map<String, Bitmap> cache = Collections.synchronizedMap(
new LinkedHashMap<String, Bitmap>(10,1.5f,true));
//current allocated size
private long size=0;
//max memory cache folder used to download images in bytes
private long limit = 1000000;
public MemoryCache(){
//use 25% of available heap size
setLimit(Runtime.getRuntime().maxMemory()/4);
}
public void setLimit(long new_limit){
limit=new_limit;
Log.i(TAG, "MemoryCache will use up to "+limit/1024./1024.+"MB");
}
public Bitmap get(String id){
try{
if(!cache.containsKey(id))
return null;
//NullPointerException sometimes happen here http://code.google.com/p/osmdroid/issues/detail?id=78
return cache.get(id);
}catch(NullPointerException ex){
ex.printStackTrace();
return null;
}
}
public void put(String id, Bitmap bitmap){
try{
if(cache.containsKey(id))
size-=getSizeInBytes(cache.get(id));
cache.put(id, bitmap);
size+=getSizeInBytes(bitmap);
checkSize();
}catch(Throwable th){
th.printStackTrace();
}
}
private void checkSize() {
Log.i(TAG, "cache size="+size+" length="+cache.size());
if(size>limit){
Iterator<Entry<String, Bitmap>> iter=cache.entrySet().iterator();//least recently accessed item will be the first one iterated
while(iter.hasNext()){
Entry<String, Bitmap> entry=iter.next();
size-=getSizeInBytes(entry.getValue());
iter.remove();
if(size<=limit)
break;
}
Log.i(TAG, "Clean cache. New size "+cache.size());
}
}
public void clear() {
try{
//NullPointerException sometimes happen here http://code.google.com/p/osmdroid/issues/detail?id=78
cache.clear();
size=0;
}catch(NullPointerException ex){
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
long getSizeInBytes(Bitmap bitmap) {
if(bitmap==null)
return 0;
return bitmap.getRowBytes() * bitmap.getHeight();
}
}
package com.fudiyoxpress.images;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
public class Utils {
public static void CopyStream(InputStream is, OutputStream os)
{
final int buffer_size=1024;
try
{
byte[] bytes=new byte[buffer_size];
for(;;)
{
//Read byte from input stream
int count=is.read(bytes, 0, buffer_size);
if(count==-1)
break;
//Write byte from output stream
os.write(bytes, 0, count);
}
}
catch(Exception ex){}
}
}
推荐文章
- 如何分配文本大小在sp值使用java代码
- Manifest合并失败:uses-sdk:minSdkVersion 14
- 为什么Android工作室说“等待调试器”如果我不调试?
- 如何检查我的EditText字段是否为空?
- Android从图库中选择图像
- 后台任务，进度对话框，方向改变-有任何100%工作的解决方案吗?
- Android:垂直对齐多行EditText(文本区域)
- 使用JavaScript更改URL参数并指定默认值
- Android无尽列表
- URL方案/主机/路径中的“+”是否代表空格?
- Android room persistent: AppDatabase_Impl不存在
- 错误:执行失败的任务':app:compileDebugKotlin'。>编译错误。详细信息请参见日志
- 在Android中使用URI生成器或使用变量创建URL
- 缩放图像以填充ImageView宽度并保持纵横比
- 列表视图的自定义适配器
