根据Python编程常见问题解答，最好的答案是：

functions = {'myfoo': foo.bar}

mystring = 'myfoo'
if mystring in functions:
    functions[mystring]()

这种技术的主要优点是字符串不需要与函数的名称匹配。这也是用于模拟案例构造的主要技术

getattr根据对象的名称调用方法。但此对象应该是调用类的父对象。父类可以由super（self.__class__，self）获取

class Base:
    def call_base(func):
        """This does not work"""
        def new_func(self, *args, **kwargs):
            name = func.__name__
            getattr(super(self.__class__, self), name)(*args, **kwargs)
        return new_func

    def f(self, *args):
        print(f"BASE method invoked.")

    def g(self, *args):
        print(f"BASE method invoked.")

class Inherit(Base):
    @Base.call_base
    def f(self, *args):
        """function body will be ignored by the decorator."""
        pass

    @Base.call_base
    def g(self, *args):
        """function body will be ignored by the decorator."""
        pass

Inherit().f() # The goal is to print "BASE method invoked."

虽然getattr（）是一种优雅的（大约快7倍）方法，但您可以使用eval从函数（local、class方法、模块）获得返回值，其优雅程度与x=eval（'fo.bar'）（）相同。当您实现一些错误处理时，就会非常安全（getattr也可以使用相同的原理）。模块导入和类示例：

# import module, call module function, pass parameters and print retured value with eval():
import random
bar = 'random.randint'
randint = eval(bar)(0,100)
print(randint) # will print random int from <0;100)

# also class method returning (or not) value(s) can be used with eval: 
class Say:
    def say(something='nothing'):
        return something

bar = 'Say.say'
print(eval(bar)('nice to meet you too')) # will print 'nice to meet you' 

当模块或类不存在（键入错误或其他更好的错误）时，就会引发NameError。如果函数不存在，则引发AttributeError。这可用于处理错误：

# try/except block can be used to catch both errors
try:
    eval('Say.talk')() # raises AttributeError because function does not exist
    eval('Says.say')() # raises NameError because the class does not exist
    # or the same with getattr:
    getattr(Say, 'talk')() # raises AttributeError
    getattr(Says, 'say')() # raises NameError
except AttributeError:
    # do domething or just...
    print('Function does not exist')
except NameError:
    # do domething or just...
    print('Module does not exist')

值得一提的是，如果您需要将函数（或类）名称和应用程序名称作为字符串传递，那么可以这样做：

myFnName  = "MyFn"
myAppName = "MyApp"
app = sys.modules[myAppName]
fn  = getattr(app,myFnName)

使用locals（），它返回带有当前本地符号表的字典：locals（）[“myfunction”]（）使用globals（），它返回带有全局符号表的字典：globals（）[“myfunction”]（）

还没有人提到operator.attrgetter：

>>> from operator import attrgetter
>>> l = [1, 2, 3]
>>> attrgetter('reverse')(l)()
>>> l
[3, 2, 1]
>>>