如何使用带有函数名称的字符串调用函数?例如:
import foo
func_name = "bar"
call(foo, func_name) # calls foo.bar()
如何使用带有函数名称的字符串调用函数?例如:
import foo
func_name = "bar"
call(foo, func_name) # calls foo.bar()
当前回答
使用locals(),它返回带有当前本地符号表的字典:locals()[“myfunction”]()使用globals(),它返回带有全局符号表的字典:globals()[“myfunction”]()
其他回答
关于这个问题,如何使用方法名分配给标记为与此重复的变量[重复]来动态调用类中的方法,我在这里发布了一个相关的答案:
场景是,一个类中的一个方法想要动态调用同一个类上的另一个方法,我在原始示例中添加了一些细节,这提供了更广泛的场景和清晰性:
class MyClass:
def __init__(self, i):
self.i = i
def get(self):
func = getattr(MyClass, 'function{}'.format(self.i))
func(self, 12) # This one will work
# self.func(12) # But this does NOT work.
def function1(self, p1):
print('function1: {}'.format(p1))
# do other stuff
def function2(self, p1):
print('function2: {}'.format(p1))
# do other stuff
if __name__ == "__main__":
class1 = MyClass(1)
class1.get()
class2 = MyClass(2)
class2.get()
输出(Python 3.7.x)功能1:12功能2:12
只是一个简单的贡献。如果我们需要实例化的类在同一个文件中,我们可以使用类似的方法:
# Get class from globals and create an instance
m = globals()['our_class']()
# Get the function (from the instance) that we need to call
func = getattr(m, 'function_name')
# Call it
func()
例如:
class A:
def __init__(self):
pass
def sampleFunc(self, arg):
print('you called sampleFunc({})'.format(arg))
m = globals()['A']()
func = getattr(m, 'sampleFunc')
func('sample arg')
# Sample, all on one line
getattr(globals()['A'](), 'sampleFunc')('sample arg')
如果不是类:
def sampleFunc(arg):
print('you called sampleFunc({})'.format(arg))
globals()['sampleFunc']('sample arg')
基于Patrick的解决方案,要动态获取模块,请使用以下方法导入:
module = __import__('foo')
func = getattr(module, 'bar')
func()
getattr根据对象的名称调用方法。但此对象应该是调用类的父对象。父类可以由super(self.__class__,self)获取
class Base:
def call_base(func):
"""This does not work"""
def new_func(self, *args, **kwargs):
name = func.__name__
getattr(super(self.__class__, self), name)(*args, **kwargs)
return new_func
def f(self, *args):
print(f"BASE method invoked.")
def g(self, *args):
print(f"BASE method invoked.")
class Inherit(Base):
@Base.call_base
def f(self, *args):
"""function body will be ignored by the decorator."""
pass
@Base.call_base
def g(self, *args):
"""function body will be ignored by the decorator."""
pass
Inherit().f() # The goal is to print "BASE method invoked."
使用locals(),它返回带有当前本地符号表的字典:locals()[“myfunction”]()使用globals(),它返回带有全局符号表的字典:globals()[“myfunction”]()