我有一个javascript应用程序,发送ajax POST请求到某个URL。Response可以是JSON字符串,也可以是文件(作为附件)。我可以很容易地在ajax调用中检测到Content-Type和Content-Disposition,但是一旦我检测到响应包含一个文件,我如何让客户端下载它呢?我在这里读过一些类似的帖子,但没有一个能提供我想要的答案。
请,请,请不要发布建议我不应该使用ajax或我应该重定向浏览器的答案,因为这些都不是一个选项。使用普通的HTML表单也是不可行的。我所需要的是向客户端显示一个下载对话框。这能做到吗?如何做到?
还有另一种解决方案下载ajax网页。但我指的是必须首先处理然后下载的页面。
首先,您需要将页面处理与结果下载分离。
1) ajax调用中只进行页面计算。
$.post("CalculusPage.php", { calculusFunction: true, ID: 29, data1: "a", data2: "b" },
function(data, status)
{
if (status == "success")
{
/* 2) In the answer the page that uses the previous calculations is downloaded. For example, this can be a page that prints the results of a table calculated in the ajax call. */
window.location.href = DownloadPage.php+"?ID="+29;
}
}
);
// For example: in the CalculusPage.php
if ( !empty($_POST["calculusFunction"]) )
{
$ID = $_POST["ID"];
$query = "INSERT INTO ExamplePage (data1, data2) VALUES ('".$_POST["data1"]."', '".$_POST["data2"]."') WHERE id = ".$ID;
...
}
// For example: in the DownloadPage.php
$ID = $_GET["ID"];
$sede = "SELECT * FROM ExamplePage WHERE id = ".$ID;
...
$filename="Export_Data.xls";
header("Content-Type: application/vnd.ms-excel");
header("Content-Disposition: inline; filename=$filename");
...
我希望这个解决方案对很多人都有用,就像对我一样。
我使用了Naren Yellavula的解决方案,并在使用jquery尝试其他几个解决方案后,对脚本进行了很少的更改。但是,jquery将不能正确下载zip文件。下载后我无法解压缩文件。
在我的用例中,我必须上传一个压缩文件,该文件在Servlet中解压缩,在压缩文件下载到客户端之前,文件被处理并再次压缩。这是你在客户端需要做的事情。
$('#fileUpBtn').click(function (e){
e.preventDefault();
var file = $('#fileUpload')[0].files[0];
var formdata = new FormData();
formdata.append('file', file);
// Use XMLHttpRequest instead of Jquery $ajax to download zip files
xhttp = new XMLHttpRequest();
xhttp.onreadystatechange = function() {
if (xhttp.readyState === 4 && xhttp.status === 200) {
var a = document.createElement('a');
a.href = window.URL.createObjectURL(xhttp.response);
a.download = "modified_" + file.name;
a.style.display = 'none';
document.body.appendChild(a);
a.click();
document.body.removeChild(a);
window.URL.revokeObjectURL(a.href);
}
};
xhttp.open("POST", "<URL to Servlet>", true);
xhttp.responseType = 'blob';
xhttp.send(formdata);
});
<div class="form-group">
<label id="fileUpLabel" for="fileUpload"></label>
<input type="file" class="form-control" id="fileUpload" name="file" accept="" required/>
</div>
<button class="btn" type="submit" id="fileUpBtn"></button>
我想指出在接受的答案中使用这种技术时出现的一些困难,即使用表单post:
You can't set headers on the request. If your authentication schema involves headers, a Json-Web-Token passed in the Authorization header, you'll have to find other way to send it, for example as a query parameter.
You can't really tell when the request has finished. Well, you can use a cookie that gets set on response, as done by jquery.fileDownload, but it's FAR from perfect. It won't work for concurrent requests and it will break if a response never arrives.
If the server responds with a error, the user will be redirected to the error page.
You can only use the content types supported by a form. Which means you can't use JSON.
我最终使用在S3上保存文件并发送预签名URL来获取文件的方法。