以下是一些基准:

require 'fruity'


class Array          
  def rodrigo_except(*values)
    self - values
  end    

  def niels_except value
    value = value.kind_of?(Array) ? value : [value]
    self - value
  end
end

ARY = [2,4,6,3,8]

compare do
  soziev  { a = ARY.dup; a.delete(3);               a }
  steve   { a = ARY.dup; a -= [3];                  a }
  barlop  { a = ARY.dup; a.delete_if{ |i| i == 3 }; a }
  rodrigo { a = ARY.dup; a.rodrigo_except(3);         }
  niels   { a = ARY.dup; a.niels_except(3);           }
end

# >> Running each test 4096 times. Test will take about 2 seconds.
# >> soziev is similar to barlop
# >> barlop is faster than steve by 2x ± 1.0
# >> steve is faster than rodrigo by 4x ± 1.0
# >> rodrigo is similar to niels

再次使用包含大量重复项的更大数组:

class Array          
  def rodrigo_except(*values)
    self - values
  end    

  def niels_except value
    value = value.kind_of?(Array) ? value : [value]
    self - value
  end
end

ARY = [2,4,6,3,8] * 1000

compare do
  soziev  { a = ARY.dup; a.delete(3);               a }
  steve   { a = ARY.dup; a -= [3];                  a }
  barlop  { a = ARY.dup; a.delete_if{ |i| i == 3 }; a }
  rodrigo { a = ARY.dup; a.rodrigo_except(3);         }
  niels   { a = ARY.dup; a.niels_except(3);           }
end

# >> Running each test 16 times. Test will take about 1 second.
# >> steve is faster than soziev by 30.000000000000004% ± 10.0%
# >> soziev is faster than barlop by 50.0% ± 10.0%
# >> barlop is faster than rodrigo by 3x ± 0.1
# >> rodrigo is similar to niels

甚至更大，有更多的副本:

class Array          
  def rodrigo_except(*values)
    self - values
  end    

  def niels_except value
    value = value.kind_of?(Array) ? value : [value]
    self - value
  end
end

ARY = [2,4,6,3,8] * 100_000

compare do
  soziev  { a = ARY.dup; a.delete(3);               a }
  steve   { a = ARY.dup; a -= [3];                  a }
  barlop  { a = ARY.dup; a.delete_if{ |i| i == 3 }; a }
  rodrigo { a = ARY.dup; a.rodrigo_except(3);         }
  niels   { a = ARY.dup; a.niels_except(3);           }
end

# >> Running each test once. Test will take about 6 seconds.
# >> steve is similar to soziev
# >> soziev is faster than barlop by 2x ± 0.1
# >> barlop is faster than niels by 3x ± 1.0
# >> niels is similar to rodrigo

我想我明白了:

a = [3, 2, 4, 6, 3, 8]
a.delete(3)
#=> 3
a
#=> [2, 4, 6, 8]

你也可以猴子修补它。我一直不明白为什么Ruby对哈希有except方法，而对数组没有:

class Array
  def except value
    value = value.kind_of(Array) ? value : [value]
    self - value
  end
end

现在你可以做:

[1,3,7,"436",354,nil].except(354) #=> [1,3,7,"436",nil]

Or:

[1,3,7,"436",354,nil].except([354, 1]) #=> [3,7,"436",nil]

首次发生的无损清除:

a = [2, 4, 6, 3, 8]
n = a.index 3
a.take(n)+a.drop(n+1)

在ruby中编译所有不同的delete选项

delete -按值删除匹配的元素。如果有多个值匹配，则删除所有值。如果您不关心出现的次数或确定单个出现，则使用此方法。

a = [2, 6, 3, 5, 3, 7]
a.delete(3)  # returns 3
puts a       # return [2, 6, 5, 7]

delete_at -删除给定索引处的元素。如果你知道索引，就用这个方法。

# continuing from the above example
a.delete_at(2) # returns 5
puts a         # returns [2, 6, 7]

delete_if -删除block为true的每个元素。这将修改数组。数组在调用块时立即改变。

b = [1, 2, 5, 4, 9, 10, 11]
b.delete_if {|n| n >= 10}.  # returns [1, 2, 5, 4, 9]

reject -该函数将返回包含给定块为false的元素的新数组。顺序是用这个来维持的。

c = [1, 2, 5, 4, 9, 10, 11]
c.reject {|n| n >= 10}.  # returns [1, 2, 5, 4, 9]

拒绝!-同delete_if。数组在调用块时可能不会立即改变。 如果你想从数组中删除多个值，最好的选择如下所示。

a = [2, 3, 7, 4, 6, 21, 13]
b = [7, 21]
a = a - b    # a - [2, 3, 4, 6, 13]

假设你想在数组的多个位置按值删除3， 我认为ruby执行这个任务的方法是使用delete_if方法:

[2,4,6,3,8,3].delete_if {|x| x == 3 } 

你也可以使用delete_if来删除'array of arrays'场景中的元素。

希望这能解决你的疑问