下面的函数foo返回一个字符串'foo'。我如何才能获得从线程的目标返回的值'foo' ?
from threading import Thread
def foo(bar):
print('hello {}'.format(bar))
return 'foo'
thread = Thread(target=foo, args=('world!',))
thread.start()
return_value = thread.join()
上面所示的“一种明显的方法”不起作用:thread.join()返回None。
GuySoft的想法很棒,但我认为对象不一定要从Thread继承,start()可以从接口中删除:
from threading import Thread
import queue
class ThreadWithReturnValue(object):
def __init__(self, target=None, args=(), **kwargs):
self._que = queue.Queue()
self._t = Thread(target=lambda q,arg1,kwargs1: q.put(target(*arg1, **kwargs1)) ,
args=(self._que, args, kwargs), )
self._t.start()
def join(self):
self._t.join()
return self._que.get()
def foo(bar):
print('hello {0}'.format(bar))
return "foo"
twrv = ThreadWithReturnValue(target=foo, args=('world!',))
print(twrv.join()) # prints foo
Kindall在Python3中的回答
class ThreadWithReturnValue(Thread):
def __init__(self, group=None, target=None, name=None,
args=(), kwargs={}, *, daemon=None):
Thread.__init__(self, group, target, name, args, kwargs, daemon)
self._return = None
def run(self):
try:
if self._target:
self._return = self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
finally:
del self._target, self._args, self._kwargs
def join(self,timeout=None):
Thread.join(self,timeout)
return self._return
另一个不需要更改现有代码的解决方案:
import Queue # Python 2.x
#from queue import Queue # Python 3.x
from threading import Thread
def foo(bar):
print 'hello {0}'.format(bar) # Python 2.x
#print('hello {0}'.format(bar)) # Python 3.x
return 'foo'
que = Queue.Queue() # Python 2.x
#que = Queue() # Python 3.x
t = Thread(target=lambda q, arg1: q.put(foo(arg1)), args=(que, 'world!'))
t.start()
t.join()
result = que.get()
print result # Python 2.x
#print(result) # Python 3.x
它也可以很容易地调整到多线程环境:
import Queue # Python 2.x
#from queue import Queue # Python 3.x
from threading import Thread
def foo(bar):
print 'hello {0}'.format(bar) # Python 2.x
#print('hello {0}'.format(bar)) # Python 3.x
return 'foo'
que = Queue.Queue() # Python 2.x
#que = Queue() # Python 3.x
threads_list = list()
t = Thread(target=lambda q, arg1: q.put(foo(arg1)), args=(que, 'world!'))
t.start()
threads_list.append(t)
# Add more threads here
...
threads_list.append(t2)
...
threads_list.append(t3)
...
# Join all the threads
for t in threads_list:
t.join()
# Check thread's return value
while not que.empty():
result = que.get()
print result # Python 2.x
#print(result) # Python 3.x
我正在使用这个包装器,它可以轻松地将任何函数转换为在线程中运行-照顾它的返回值或异常。它不会增加队列开销。
def threading_func(f):
"""Decorator for running a function in a thread and handling its return
value or exception"""
def start(*args, **kw):
def run():
try:
th.ret = f(*args, **kw)
except:
th.exc = sys.exc_info()
def get(timeout=None):
th.join(timeout)
if th.exc:
raise th.exc[0], th.exc[1], th.exc[2] # py2
##raise th.exc[1] #py3
return th.ret
th = threading.Thread(None, run)
th.exc = None
th.get = get
th.start()
return th
return start
用法示例
def f(x):
return 2.5 * x
th = threading_func(f)(4)
print("still running?:", th.is_alive())
print("result:", th.get(timeout=1.0))
@threading_func
def th_mul(a, b):
return a * b
th = th_mul("text", 2.5)
try:
print(th.get())
except TypeError:
print("exception thrown ok.")
线程模块注意事项
线程函数的舒适返回值和异常处理是“python”的常见需求,而且threading模块应该已经提供了——可能直接在标准Thread类中。对于简单的任务,ThreadPool有太多的开销——3个管理线程,很多官僚主义。不幸的是,线程的布局最初是从Java中复制的——例如,从仍然无用的构造函数参数组1 (!)
这是一个很老的问题,但我想分享一个简单的解决方案,它对我的开发过程有帮助。
这个答案背后的方法论是这样一个事实,即“新的”目标函数,内部是将原始函数的结果(通过__init__函数传递)通过所谓的闭包分配给包装器的结果实例属性。
这允许包装器类保留返回值以供调用者随时访问。
注意:这个方法不需要使用线程的任何mangded方法或私有方法。线程类,虽然没有考虑屈服函数(OP没有提到屈服函数)。
享受吧!
from threading import Thread as _Thread
class ThreadWrapper:
def __init__(self, target, *args, **kwargs):
self.result = None
self._target = self._build_threaded_fn(target)
self.thread = _Thread(
target=self._target,
*args,
**kwargs
)
def _build_threaded_fn(self, func):
def inner(*args, **kwargs):
self.result = func(*args, **kwargs)
return inner
此外,你可以用下面的代码运行pytest(假设你已经安装了它)来演示结果:
import time
from commons import ThreadWrapper
def test():
def target():
time.sleep(1)
return 'Hello'
wrapper = ThreadWrapper(target=target)
wrapper.thread.start()
r = wrapper.result
assert r is None
time.sleep(2)
r = wrapper.result
assert r == 'Hello'