下面的函数foo返回一个字符串'foo'。我如何才能获得从线程的目标返回的值'foo' ?
from threading import Thread
def foo(bar):
print('hello {}'.format(bar))
return 'foo'
thread = Thread(target=foo, args=('world!',))
thread.start()
return_value = thread.join()
上面所示的“一种明显的方法”不起作用:thread.join()返回None。
定义你的目标
1)采取一个论点q
2)用q.put(foo)替换return foo的任何语句;返回
一个函数
def func(a):
ans = a * a
return ans
将成为
def func(a, q):
ans = a * a
q.put(ans)
return
然后你就可以这样做了
from Queue import Queue
from threading import Thread
ans_q = Queue()
arg_tups = [(i, ans_q) for i in xrange(10)]
threads = [Thread(target=func, args=arg_tup) for arg_tup in arg_tups]
_ = [t.start() for t in threads]
_ = [t.join() for t in threads]
results = [q.get() for _ in xrange(len(threads))]
你可以使用函数装饰器/包装器来实现它,这样你就可以使用现有的函数作为目标,而不需要修改它们,但要遵循这个基本方案。
根据上面提到的,下面是适用于Python3的更通用的解决方案。
import threading
class ThreadWithReturnValue(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self, *init_args, **init_kwargs):
threading.Thread.__init__(self, *init_args, **init_kwargs)
self._return = None
def run(self):
self._return = self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
def join(self):
threading.Thread.join(self)
return self._return
使用
th = ThreadWithReturnValue(target=requests.get, args=('http://www.google.com',))
th.start()
response = th.join()
response.status_code # => 200
GuySoft的想法很棒,但我认为对象不一定要从Thread继承,start()可以从接口中删除:
from threading import Thread
import queue
class ThreadWithReturnValue(object):
def __init__(self, target=None, args=(), **kwargs):
self._que = queue.Queue()
self._t = Thread(target=lambda q,arg1,kwargs1: q.put(target(*arg1, **kwargs1)) ,
args=(self._que, args, kwargs), )
self._t.start()
def join(self):
self._t.join()
return self._que.get()
def foo(bar):
print('hello {0}'.format(bar))
return "foo"
twrv = ThreadWithReturnValue(target=foo, args=('world!',))
print(twrv.join()) # prints foo
如上所述,多处理池比基本线程要慢得多。使用一些回答中提出的队列是一种非常有效的替代方法。我已经将它与字典一起使用,以便能够运行许多小线程,并通过将它们与字典结合来恢复多个答案:
#!/usr/bin/env python3
import threading
# use Queue for python2
import queue
import random
LETTERS = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
LETTERS = [ x for x in LETTERS ]
NUMBERS = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
def randoms(k, q):
result = dict()
result['letter'] = random.choice(LETTERS)
result['number'] = random.choice(NUMBERS)
q.put({k: result})
threads = list()
q = queue.Queue()
results = dict()
for name in ('alpha', 'oscar', 'yankee',):
threads.append( threading.Thread(target=randoms, args=(name, q)) )
threads[-1].start()
_ = [ t.join() for t in threads ]
while not q.empty():
results.update(q.get())
print(results)