博士TL;

设置一个名为ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT的环境变量，使用环境的名称(例如Production)。然后做以下两件事中的一件:

Inject IHostingEnvironment into Startup.cs, then use that (env here) to check: env.IsEnvironment("Production"). Do not check using env.EnvironmentName == "Production"! Use either separate Startup classes or individual Configure/ConfigureServices functions. If a class or the functions match these formats, they will be used instead of the standard options on that environment. Startup{EnvironmentName}() (entire class) || example: StartupProduction() Configure{EnvironmentName}() || example: ConfigureProduction() Configure{EnvironmentName}Services() || example: ConfigureProductionServices()

完整的解释

. net Core文档描述了如何实现这一点。使用一个名为ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT的环境变量，它被设置为您想要的环境，然后您有两个选择。

检查环境名称

从文档中可以看出:

The IHostingEnvironment service provides the core abstraction for working with environments. This service is provided by the ASP.NET hosting layer, and can be injected into your startup logic via Dependency Injection. The ASP.NET Core web site template in Visual Studio uses this approach to load environment-specific configuration files (if present) and to customize the app’s error handling settings. In both cases, this behavior is achieved by referring to the currently specified environment by calling EnvironmentName or IsEnvironment on the instance of IHostingEnvironment passed into the appropriate method.

注意:检查env的实际值。不建议使用“EnvironmentName”!

如果你需要检查应用程序是否在特定的环境中运行，请使用env. isenvironment ("environmentname")，因为它将正确地忽略大小写(而不是检查env. isenvironment是否在特定的环境中运行)。例如，EnvironmentName == "Development")。

使用单独的类

从文档中可以看出:

When an ASP.NET Core application starts, the Startup class is used to bootstrap the application, load its configuration settings, etc. (learn more about ASP.NET startup). However, if a class exists named Startup{EnvironmentName} (for example StartupDevelopment), and the ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT environment variable matches that name, then that Startup class is used instead. Thus, you could configure Startup for development, but have a separate StartupProduction that would be used when the app is run in production. Or vice versa. In addition to using an entirely separate Startup class based on the current environment, you can also make adjustments to how the application is configured within a Startup class. The Configure() and ConfigureServices() methods support environment-specific versions similar to the Startup class itself, of the form Configure{EnvironmentName}() and Configure{EnvironmentName}Services(). If you define a method ConfigureDevelopment() it will be called instead of Configure() when the environment is set to development. Likewise, ConfigureDevelopmentServices() would be called instead of ConfigureServices() in the same environment.

在. net Core 2.0 MVC app / Microsoft.AspNetCore.All v2.0.0中，你可以有@vaindil所描述的特定于环境的启动类，但我不喜欢这种方法。

你也可以在StartUp构造函数中注入IHostingEnvironment。不需要将环境变量存储在Program类中。

public class Startup
{
    private readonly IHostingEnvironment _currentEnvironment;
    public IConfiguration Configuration { get; private set; }

    public Startup(IConfiguration configuration, IHostingEnvironment env)
    {
        _currentEnvironment = env;
        Configuration = configuration;
    }

    public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
    {
        ......

        services.AddMvc(config =>
        {
            // Requiring authenticated users on the site globally
            var policy = new AuthorizationPolicyBuilder()
                .RequireAuthenticatedUser()
                .Build();
            config.Filters.Add(new AuthorizeFilter(policy));

            // Validate anti-forgery token globally
            config.Filters.Add(new AutoValidateAntiforgeryTokenAttribute());

            // If it's Production, enable HTTPS
            if (_currentEnvironment.IsProduction())      // <------
            {
                config.Filters.Add(new RequireHttpsAttribute());
            }            
        });

        ......
    }
}

另一种方法是使用configuration ["ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT"]直接从配置中读取环境名称。这适用于任何可以访问配置的地方。

public IConfiguration Configuration { get; }

public Startup(IConfiguration configuration)
{
    Configuration = configuration;
}
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
    Console.WriteLine(Configuration["ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT"]);
}

前提条件是主机是用program .cs中的host . createdefaultbuilder()创建的，这是ASP. cs的默认值。NET Core 3.0(和5.0)web应用程序。如果使用其他构建器，则可以使用program .cs中的AddEnvironmentVariables()添加envars。

如果你需要在你的代码库中某个不容易访问IHostingEnvironment的地方测试这个，另一个简单的方法是这样做的:

bool isDevelopment = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT") == "Development";

由于还没有完整的复制和粘贴解决方案，基于Joe Audette的回答:

public IWebHostEnvironment Environment { get; }

public Startup(IWebHostEnvironment environment, IConfiguration configuration)
{
   Environment = environment;
   ...
}

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
   if (Environment.IsDevelopment())
   {
       // Do something
   }else{
       // Do something
   }
   ...
}

我想在我的服务中加入这种环境。这真的很容易做到!我只是像这样把它注入到构造函数中:

    private readonly IHostingEnvironment _hostingEnvironment;

    public MyEmailService(IHostingEnvironment hostingEnvironment)
    {
        _hostingEnvironment = hostingEnvironment;
    }

现在在稍后的代码中，我可以这样做:

if (_hostingEnvironment.IsProduction()) {
    // really send the email.
}
else {
    // send the email to the test queue.
}

编辑:

上面的代码是用于。net Core 2的。对于版本3，您将使用IWebHostEnvironment。