你的同事是对的:使用一个自动递增的整数作为你的主键。

您可以在应用程序级别实现电子邮件唯一性，或者您可以将电子邮件地址列标记为惟一，并在该列上添加索引。

将字段添加为唯一字段只会在插入到该表时花费字符串比较的成本，而不会在执行连接和外键约束检查时花费字符串比较成本。

当然，您必须注意，在数据库级别向应用程序添加任何约束都可能导致应用程序变得不灵活。在仅仅因为应用程序需要某个字段是唯一的或非空的，就将它设置为“唯一的”或“非空的”之前，一定要充分考虑。

Email是一个很好的唯一索引候选，但不是主键，如果它是一个主键，例如，你将无法更改联系人的电子邮件地址。 我认为你的连接查询也会变慢。

是的，这是一个糟糕的主键，因为你的用户会想要更新他们的电子邮件地址。

字符串比较比int比较慢。但是，如果您只是使用电子邮件地址从数据库检索用户，那么这并不重要。如果您有多个连接的复杂查询，那么这很重要。

如果在多个表中存储有关用户的信息，则用户表的外键将是电子邮件地址。这意味着您将多次存储电子邮件地址。

我对postgres不太熟悉。主键是一个很大的主题。我在这个网站(stackoverflow.com)上看到了一些很好的问题和答案。

我认为使用数字主键并在电子邮件列上使用UNIQUE INDEX可以获得更好的性能。电子邮件往往在长度上有所不同，可能不适合主键索引。

在这里和这里读点书。

使用电子邮件地址作为主键的缺点:

Slower when doing joins. Any other record with a posted foreign key now has a larger value, taking up more disk space. (Given the cost of disk space today, this is probably a trivial issue, except to the extent that the record now takes longer to read. See #1.) An email address could change, which forces all records using this as a foreign key to be updated. As email address don't change all that often, the performance problem is probably minor. The bigger problem is that you have to make sure to provide for it. If you have to write the code, this is more work and introduces the possibility of bugs. If your database engine supports "on update cascade", it's a minor issue.

使用电邮地址作主键的优点:

You may be able to completely eliminate some joins. If all you need from the "master record" is the email address, then with an abstract integer key you would have to do a join to retrieve it. If the key is the email address, then you already have it and the join is unnecessary. Whether this helps you any depends on how often this situation comes up. When you are doing ad hoc queries, it's easy for a human being to see what master record is being referenced. This can be a big help when trying to track down data problems. You almost certainly will need an index on the email address anyway, so making it the primary key eliminates one index, thus improving the performance of inserts as they now have only one index to update instead of two.

在我看来，这两种情况都不是十拿九稳的。当有实用的键时，我倾向于使用自然键，因为它们更容易使用，而且在大多数情况下，缺点并不太重要。