我知道JPA 2是一个规范，Hibernate是ORM的工具。另外，我知道Hibernate比JPA 2有更多的特性。但从实际的角度来看，两者到底有什么区别呢?
我有使用iBatis的经验，现在我正在尝试学习Hibernate或JPA2。我拿起Pro JPA2书，它一直提到“JPA提供商”。例如:
如果你认为一个特性应该标准化，你应该说出来 并向您的JPA提供者请求它
这让我很困惑，所以我有几个问题:
仅使用JPA2，我可以通过简单地注释POJO从DB中获取数据 JPA2应该与“JPA提供者”一起使用吗?例如TopLink或Hibernate?如果是这样，那么与单独使用JPA2或单独使用Hibernate相比，使用JPA2 + Hibernate有什么好处? 你能推荐一本好的实用的JPA2书吗?“Pro JPA2”看起来更像是JPA2的圣经和参考书(直到本书的后半部分才进入查询)。有没有关于JPA2的问题/解决方法的书?
当前回答
JPA is JSR i.e. Java Specification Requirement to implement Object Relational Mapping which has got no specific code for its implementation. It defines certain set of rules for for accessing, persisting and managing the data between Java objects and the relational databaseWith its introduction, EJB was replaced as It was criticized for being heavyweight by the Java developer community. Hibernate is one of the way JPA can be implemented using te guidelines.Hibernate is a high-performance Object/Relational persistence and query service which is licensed under the open source GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) .The benefit of this is that you can swap out Hibernate's implementation of JPA for another implementation of the JPA specification. When you use straight Hibernate you are locking into the implementation because other ORMs may use different methods/configurations and annotations, therefore you cannot just switch over to another ORM.
其他回答
来自维基。
Motivation for creating the Java Persistence API Many enterprise Java developers use lightweight persistent objects provided by open-source frameworks or Data Access Objects instead of entity beans: entity beans and enterprise beans had a reputation of being too heavyweight and complicated, and one could only use them in Java EE application servers. Many of the features of the third-party persistence frameworks were incorporated into the Java Persistence API, and as of 2006 projects like Hibernate (version 3.2) and Open-Source Version TopLink Essentials have become implementations of the Java Persistence API.
正如JCP页面所述，Eclipse链接是JPA的参考实现。再看看这个答案。
JPA本身具有弥补标准ORM框架的功能。由于JPA是Java EE规范的一部分，您可以在项目中单独使用JPA，并且它应该与任何Java EE兼容的服务器一起工作。是的，这些服务器将拥有JPA规范的实现。
Hibernate是最流行的ORM框架，一旦JPA引入，Hibernate就符合JPA规范。除了它应该遵循的基本规范集之外，hibernate还提供了大量额外的东西。
JPA是规范，Hibernate是遵循规范中规定的规则的实现提供者。
JPA is Java Persistence API. Which Specifies only the specifications for APIs. Means that the set of rules and guidelines for creating the APIs. If says another context, It is set of standards which provides the wrapper for creating those APIs , can be use for accessing entity object from database. JPA is provided by oracle.When we are going to do database access , we definitely needs its implementation. Means JPA specifies only guidelines for implementing APIs. Hibernate is a JPA provider/Vendor who responsible for implementing that APIs. Like Hibernate TopLink and Open JPA is some of examples of JPA API providers. So we uses JPA specified standard APIs through hibernate.
JPA只是一个需要具体实现的规范。 现在oracle提供的默认实现是“Eclipselink”。(Toplink由Oracle捐赠给Eclipse基金会，与eclipselink合并)
(参考:http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/middleware/toplink/index-085257.html http://www.eclipse.org/org/press-release/20080317_Eclipselink.php ）
使用Eclipselink，可以确保代码在需要时可以移植到任何实现。 Hibernate也是一个完整的JPA实现+ MORE (JPA Plus的一种)。Hibernate是JPA的超级集，具有一些额外的Hibernate特定功能。 因此，在Hibernate中开发的应用程序在切换到其他实现时可能不兼容。 hibernate仍然是大多数开发人员作为JPA实现的选择，并被广泛使用。
另一个JPA实现是OpenJPA (openjpa.apache.org)，它是Kodo实现的扩展。
Java——它不仅独立于操作系统，而且独立于供应商。
因此，您应该能够在不同的应用程序服务器上部署应用程序。 JPA是在任何Java EE兼容的应用服务器上实现的，它允许交换应用服务器，但是实现也会发生变化。Hibernate应用程序可能更容易部署在不同的应用程序服务器上。
