对于相同的问题，我有一个稍微不同的需求:

捕获并返回STDOUT消息，因为它们在STDOUT缓冲区中累积(即实时)。 @vartec用python方法解决了这个问题，他使用生成器和“yield” 上面的字 打印所有STDOUT行(即使进程在STDOUT缓冲区可以完全读取之前退出) 不要浪费CPU周期以高频轮询进程 检查子流程的返回代码 如果得到非零错误返回码，则打印STDERR(与STDOUT分开)。

我综合了之前的答案，得出了以下结论:

import subprocess
from time import sleep

def run_command(command):
    p = subprocess.Popen(command,
                         stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                         stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
                         shell=True)
    # Read stdout from subprocess until the buffer is empty !
    for line in iter(p.stdout.readline, b''):
        if line: # Don't print blank lines
            yield line
    # This ensures the process has completed, AND sets the 'returncode' attr
    while p.poll() is None:                                                                                                                                        
        sleep(.1) #Don't waste CPU-cycles
    # Empty STDERR buffer
    err = p.stderr.read()
    if p.returncode != 0:
       # The run_command() function is responsible for logging STDERR 
       print("Error: " + str(err))

这段代码的执行方式与前面的答案相同:

for line in run_command(cmd):
    print(line)

在Python 3.7+中，使用subprocess.run并传递capture_output=True:

import subprocess
result = subprocess.run(['echo', 'hello', 'world'], capture_output=True)
print(repr(result.stdout))

这将返回字节:

b'hello world\n'

如果你想把字节转换成字符串，添加text=True:

result = subprocess.run(['echo', 'hello', 'world'], capture_output=True, text=True)
print(repr(result.stdout))

这将读取字节使用您的默认编码:

'hello world\n'

如果你需要手动指定不同的编码，使用encoding="your encoding"而不是text=True:

result = subprocess.run(['echo', 'hello', 'world'], capture_output=True, encoding="utf8")
print(repr(result.stdout))

出于某种原因，这个方法适用于Python 2.7，你只需要导入操作系统!

import os 

def bash(command):
    output = os.popen(command).read()
    return output

print_me = bash('ls -l')
print(print_me)

如果您需要在多个文件上运行shell命令，这对我来说很有用。

import os
import subprocess

# Define a function for running commands and capturing stdout line by line
# (Modified from Vartec's solution because it wasn't printing all lines)
def runProcess(exe):    
    p = subprocess.Popen(exe, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
    return iter(p.stdout.readline, b'')

# Get all filenames in working directory
for filename in os.listdir('./'):
    # This command will be run on each file
    cmd = 'nm ' + filename

    # Run the command and capture the output line by line.
    for line in runProcess(cmd.split()):
        # Eliminate leading and trailing whitespace
        line.strip()
        # Split the output 
        output = line.split()

        # Filter the output and print relevant lines
        if len(output) > 2:
            if ((output[2] == 'set_program_name')):
                print filename
                print line

编辑:刚刚看到Max Persson的解决方案和J.F. Sebastian的建议。继续把它整合进去。

可以将输出重定向到文本文件，然后将其读回来。

import subprocess
import os
import tempfile

def execute_to_file(command):
    """
    This function execute the command
    and pass its output to a tempfile then read it back
    It is usefull for process that deploy child process
    """
    temp_file = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete=False)
    temp_file.close()
    path = temp_file.name
    command = command + " > " + path
    proc = subprocess.run(command, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, universal_newlines=True)
    if proc.stderr:
        # if command failed return
        os.unlink(path)
        return
    with open(path, 'r') as f:
        data = f.read()
    os.unlink(path)
    return data

if __name__ == "__main__":
    path = "Somepath"
    command = 'ecls.exe /files ' + path
    print(execute(command))

改进以获得更好的日志记录。 为了获得更好的输出，可以使用迭代器。 从下面开始，我们变得更好

from subprocess import Popen, getstatusoutput, PIPE
def shell_command(cmd):
    result = Popen(cmd, shell=True, stdout=PIPE, stderr=PIPE)

    output = iter(result.stdout.readline, b'')
    error = iter(result.stderr.readline, b'')
    print("##### OutPut ###")
    for line in output:
        print(line.decode("utf-8"))
    print("###### Error ########")
    for line in error:
        print(error.decode("utf-8")) # Convert bytes to str

    status, terminal_output = run_command(cmd)
    print(terminal_output)

shell_command("ls") # this will display all the files & folders in directory

使用getstatusoutput的其他方法(容易理解)

from subprocess import Popen, getstatusoutput, PIPE

status_Code, output = getstausoutput(command)
print(output) # this will give the terminal output

# status_code, output = getstatusoutput("ls") # this will print the all files & folder available in the directory